August Miete | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Angel of Death (Yiddish:Malakh Ha-Moves) |
| Born | (1908-11-01)1 November 1908 Westerkappeln,German Empire |
| Died | 9 August 1987(1987-08-09) (aged 78) Osnabrück,West Germany |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  Schutzstaffel |
| Rank | Scharführer |
| Unit | SS-Totenkopfverbände |
August Wilhelm Miete (born 1 November 1908 – 9 August 1987) was anSS functionary ofNazi Germany. He worked at theGrafeneck andHadamar Euthanasia Centres, and then atTreblinka extermination camp. Miete was arrested in 1960 and tried inWest Germany for participating in the mass murder of at least 300,000 people; in 1965, he was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment.
Miete was born in 1908 inWesterkappeln of theGerman Empire, the son of amiller andfarmer. Miete completed elementary school before his father died in 1921. Together with his brother, Miete worked on the family farm and as a grinder in the flour mill. Miete was married and had three children.
At the beginning of 1940, Miete joined theNazi Party, and he soon became involved in theT-4 Euthanasia Program. The local Münster agriculture chamber advised Miete about a job atGrafeneck Euthanasia Centre, and he accepted an offer to work on the farm that was attached to this killing center.[1] From May 1940 to October 1941 he worked at Grafeneck. Miete then became more involved in the killing process atHadamar Euthanasia Centre, where he worked as a stoker; that is, one who removed corpses from the gas chambers, broke out gold teeth, burned the bodies and performed other tasks around the gas chambers and crematoria.[1] At the end of June 1942, he was transferred tooccupied Poland in order to take part inOperation Reinhard, and dispatched toTreblinka.
AtTreblinka, Miete gained a notorious reputation for his cruelty. He was nicknamed the "Angel of Death" by the prisoners. Miete was in charge of the fakeinfirmary known asLazaret, a small barracks surrounded by the barbed wire fence where the sick, elderly anddifficult prisoners were taken away from view directly from newly arrived transports. The children of sick women and children who arrived alone on the transports were sent with them.[2] They were shot point blank at the edge of a burial ditch seven metres deep. Miete carried out most of these killings with his own hand,[2][3] aided by his subordinateWilli Mentz nicknamed "Frankenstein" by the inmates,[4] who alone killed thousands,[5] as well asMax Möller, the "Amerikaner".[6] Dressed as medic, Miete "cured each one with a single pill".[2]
Miete also supervised the nearby "selection" square for forced labor in the camp. He would walk about, checking Jewish prisoners. Those whom he deemed too sick or weak to work at the required pace were taken from the selection area to theLazaret. Miete would stand each man near a pit where a fire was constantly burning, calmly aim his gun and shoot them. Sometimes Miete would instruct the victim to undress first.[3]
Miete would also search prisoners. If Miete found money, food, or anything at all, he would beat them brutally before marching them to theLazaret. In events where Miete found nothing incriminating, he would still fabricate a reason to beat the prisoner and bring him to theLazaret. Miete also visited the living barracks and hospital room for the prisoners, where he would remove the sick and shoot them.[3][7]
Miete described his own actions in testimony:
There were always sick and crippled people in the transports.... There were also those who had been shot and wounded en route by SS, policemen, or Latvians who guarded the transports. These ill, crippled, and wounded passengers were brought to theLazaret by a special group of workers. Inside theLazaret they placed or lay these people at the edge of the pit. When all the sick and wounded had been brought, it was my job to shoot them. I fired at the nape of the neck with a 9 mm pistol. Those shot would fall... into the pit... The number of people shot in this way from each transport varied. Sometimes two or three, and sometimes twenty or even more. They included men and women, young and old, and also children....— August Miete[8][9]
Miete also sought out victims from other parts of the camp to be brought to theLazaret and shot; victims whomKurt Franz had injured with his hunting rifle or boxing gloves, prisoners who had been whipped for various "crimes" or other reasons. Miete would decide that these prisoners were too weakened from the blows sustained and no longer fit for work, so he would shoot them.[3]
After Treblinka's closure in November 1943, Miete was sent toTrieste along with other Operation Reinhard personnel.[1]
After the war, Miete fell into American captivity, but was soon released. Thereafter, Miete worked in the family's farming/milling business until 1950, and then as Managing Director of the Savings and Loan Association inLotte. He was arrested again on 27 May 1960 and held in pre-trial detention atDüsseldorf-Derendorf. On 3 September 1965, at theFirst Treblinka Trial, Miete was found guilty of participating in the mass murder of at least 300,000 people and at least nine people who were shown in detail to him. He was sentenced to life imprisonment there. On February 27, 1985, Miete was conditionally released from prison, and retired nearOsnabrück, into his own Tyrolean house bought with theloot from Treblinka. He died in 1987.[4]
See:Franciszek Ząbecki's court testimonies at Düsseldorf.
Sources: Arad, Donat, Glazar, Klee, Sereny, Willenberg et al.
Sources: Yitzhak Arad, Tom Teicholz, Wiener Library et al