 | |
.jpg)  .jpg) On the top is an Atlas V N22 withBoe-CFT carryingBarry Wilmore andSunita Williams, while on one side is an Atlas V 401 carrying theLucy spacecraft to an exploration of Trojan asteroid around Jupiter and on the other side is an Atlas V 541 carrying thePerseverance rover to Mars | |
| Function | Medium-lift launch vehicle |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | United Launch Alliance |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Cost per launch | US$110–153 million (2016)[1] |
| Size | |
| Height | Up to 58.3 m (191 ft) |
| Diameter | 3.81 m (12.5 ft) |
| Mass | 590,000 kg (1,300,000 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload toLEO | |
| Orbital inclination | 28.70° |
| Mass | 8,210–18,850 kg (18,100–41,560 lb)[2] |
| Payload toGTO | |
| Mass | 4,750–8,900 kg (10,470–19,620 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Atlas |
| Based on | Atlas III |
| Comparable | |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Active, retiring |
| Launch sites |
|
| Total launches | |
| Success(es) | 104
|
| Partial failures | 1
|
| First flight | August 21, 2002 (Hot Bird 6) |
| Last flight | November 14, 2025 (ViaSat-3 F2,most recent) |
| Boosters –AJ-60A[6] | |
| No. boosters | 0 to 5 |
| Height | 17 m (56 ft)[6] |
| Diameter | 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) |
| Gross mass | 46,697 kg (102,949 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 42,630 kg (93,980 lb)[7] |
| Maximum thrust | 1,688.4 kN (379,600 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 279.3 s (2.739 km/s) |
| Burn time | 94 seconds |
| Propellant | AP /HTPB /Al |
| Boosters –GEM 63[8][9] | |
| No. boosters | 0 to 5 |
| Height | 20.1 m (66 ft)[8] |
| Diameter | 1.6 m (63 in) |
| Gross mass | 49,300 kg (108,700 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 44,200 kg (97,400 lb) |
| Maximum thrust | 1,663 kN (374,000 lbf) |
| Burn time | 94 seconds |
| Propellant | AP /HTPB /Al |
| First stage –Atlas CCB | |
| Height | 32.46 m (106.5 ft) |
| Diameter | 3.81 m (12.5 ft) |
| Empty mass | 21,054 kg (46,416 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 284,089 kg (626,309 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 ×RD-180 |
| Maximum thrust | |
| Specific impulse | |
| Burn time | 253 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 /LOX |
| Second stage –Centaur III | |
| Height | 12.68 m (41.6 ft) |
| Diameter | 3.05 m (10.0 ft) |
| Empty mass | 2,316 kg (5,106 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 20,830 kg (45,920 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 ×RL10A,2 × RL10A or1 ×RL10C |
| Maximum thrust | 99.2 kN (22,300 lbf) (RL10A) |
| Specific impulse | 450.5 s (4.418 km/s) (RL10A) |
| Burn time | 842 seconds (RL10A) |
| Propellant | LH2 /LOX |
Atlas V[a] is anexpendable launch system and the fifth major version in theAtlas launch vehicle family. It was developed byLockheed Martin and has been operated byUnited Launch Alliance (ULA)[b] since 2006. Primarily used to launch payloads for theUnited States Department of Defense,NASA, and commercial customers, Atlas V is the longest-serving active rocket in the United States.
Each Atlas V vehicle consists of two main stages. Thefirst stage is powered by a single Russian-madeRD-180 engine that burnskerosene andliquid oxygen. TheCentaur upper stage uses one or two American-madeAerojet RocketdyneRL10 engines that burnliquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.Strap-onsolid rocket boosters (SRBs) are used in several configurations. Originally equipped withAJ-60A SRBs, the vehicle switched toGraphite-Epoxy Motor (GEM 63) boosters beginning in November 2020, except for flights in theBoeing Starliner program. Standardpayload fairings measure either 4.2 m (14 ft) or 5.4 m (18 ft) in diameter, with multiple available lengths.[10]
In August 2021, ULA announced that Atlas V would be retired and all remaining launches had been sold. As of November 2025[update], 11 launches remain. Production of the rocket ended in 2024.[11] Future ULA missions will use theVulcan Centaur launch vehicle,[12] which was designed in part to comply with a Congressional mandate to phase out use of the Russian-made RD-180 engine.
The Atlas V was developed byLockheed Martin Commercial Launch Services (LMCLS) as part of theU.S. Air ForceEvolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program and made its inaugural flight on August 21, 2002. The vehicle operates fromSLC-41 atCape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). It also operated fromSLC-3E atVandenberg Space Force Base until 2022. LMCLS continued to market the Atlas V to commercial customers worldwide until January 2018, whenUnited Launch Alliance (ULA) assumed control of commercial marketing and sales.[13][14]
The Atlas V first stage, theCommon Core Booster (not to be confused with the Delta IV'sCommon Booster Core), is 3.8 m (12 ft) in diameter and 32.5 m (107 ft) in length. It is powered by one RussianNPO EnergomashRD-180 main engine burning 284,450 kg (627,100 lb) of liquid oxygen andRP-1. The booster operates for about four minutes, providing about 4 MN (900,000 lbf) of thrust.[15] Thrust can be augmented with up to fiveAerojetAJ-60A orNorthrop Grumman GEM 63 strap-onsolid rocket boosters, each providing an additional 1.27 MN (290,000 lbf) of thrust for 94 seconds.
The main differences between the Atlas V and earlierAtlas I andII family launch vehicles are:
TheCentaur III upper stage uses a pressure-stabilized propellant-tank design andcryogenic propellants. The Centaur III was first introduced for use on the Atlas III and was stretched 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) relative to the Centaur II used on theAtlas II. It is powered by either one or two Aerojet RocketdyneRL10 engines, each developing a thrust of up to 101.8 kN (22,900 lbf). Theinertial navigation unit (INU) located on the Centaur provides guidance and navigation for both the Atlas and Centaur and controls both Atlas and Centaur tank pressures and propellant use. The Centaur engines are capable of multiple in-space starts, making possible insertion intolow Earth parking orbit, followed by a coast period and then insertion intoGTO.[17] A subsequent third burn following a multi-hour coast can permit direct injection of payloads intogeostationary orbit.[citation needed]
When the Atlas V was introduced, the Centaur III was alternatively called the Common Centaur, reflecting its use on both the Atlas III and V. As of 2006[update], the Centaur III had the highest proportion of burnable propellant relative to total mass of any modern hydrogen upper stage and hence can deliver substantial payloads to a high-energy state.[18]
Atlas V payload fairings are available in two diameters, depending on satellite requirements. The 4.2 m (14 ft) diameter fairing,[19] originally designed for theAtlas II booster, comes in three different lengths: the original 9 m (30 ft) version and extended 10 and 11 m (33 and 36 ft) versions, first flown respectively on the AV-008/Astra 1KR and AV-004/Inmarsat-4 F1 missions. Fairings of up to 7.2 m (24 ft) diameter and 32.3 m (106 ft) length have been considered but were never implemented.[20]
A 5.4 m (18 ft) diameter fairing, with an internally usable diameter of 4.57 m (15.0 ft), was developed and built byRUAG Space[21] inSwitzerland. The RUAG fairing usescarbon fiber composite construction and is based on a similar flight-proven fairing for theAriane 5. Three configurations are manufactured to support the Atlas V: 20.7 m (68 ft), 23.4 m (77 ft), and 26.5 m (87 ft) long.[21] While the classic 4.2 m (14 ft) fairing covers only the payload, the RUAG fairing is much longer and fully encloses both the Centaur upper stage and the payload.[22]
Many systems on the Atlas V have been the subject of upgrade and enhancement both prior to the first Atlas V flight and since that time. Work on aFault TolerantInertial Navigation Unit (FTINU) started in 2001 to enhance mission reliability for Atlas vehicles by replacing the earlier non-redundant navigation and computing equipment with a fault-tolerant unit.[23] The upgraded FTINU first flew in 2006,[24] and in 2010 a follow-on order for more FTINU units was awarded.[25]
In 2015, ULA announced that the Aerojet Rocketdyne-producedAJ-60A solid rocket boosters (SRBs) then in use on Atlas V would be superseded by newGEM 63 boosters produced byNorthrop Grumman Innovation Systems. The extended GEM 63XL boosters will also be used on theVulcan Centaur launch vehicle that will replace the Atlas V.[26] The first Atlas V launch with GEM 63 boosters happened on November 13, 2020.[27]
Proposals and design work tohuman-rate the Atlas V began as early as 2006, with ULA's parent companyLockheed Martin reporting an agreement withBigelow Aerospace that was intended to lead to commercialprivate trips tolow Earth orbit (LEO).[28]
Human-rating design and simulation work began in earnest in 2010, with the award of US$6.7 million in the first phase of theNASACommercial Crew Program (CCP) to develop anEmergency Detection System (EDS).[29]
As of February 2011, ULA had received an extension to April 2011 from NASA and was finishing up work on the EDS.[30]
NASA solicited proposals for CCP phase 2 in October 2010, and ULA proposed to complete design work on the EDS. At the time, NASA's goal was to get astronauts to orbit by 2015. Then-ULA President and CEO Michael Gass stated that a schedule acceleration to 2014 was possible if funded.[31] Other than the addition of the Emergency Detection System, no major changes were expected to the Atlas V rocket, but ground infrastructure modifications were planned. The most likely candidate for the human-rating was the N02 configuration, with no fairing, no solid rocket boosters, and dual RL10 engines on the Centaur upper stage.[31]
On July 18, 2011, NASA and ULA announced an agreement on the possibility of certifying the Atlas V to NASA's standards for human spaceflight.[32] ULA agreed to provide NASA with data on the Atlas V, while NASA would provide ULA with draft human certification requirements.[32] In 2011, the human-rated Atlas V was also still under consideration to carry spaceflight participants to the proposedBigelow Commercial Space Station.[33]
In 2011,Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) picked the Atlas V to be the booster for its still-under-developmentDream Chaser crewedspaceplane.[34] The Dream Chaser was intended to launch on an Atlas V, fly a crew to the ISS, and land horizontally following alifting-body reentry.[34] However, in late 2014NASA did not select the Dream Chaser to be one of the two vehicles selected under theCommercial Crew competition.
On August 4, 2011,Boeing announced that it would use the Atlas V as the initial launch vehicle for itsCST-100 crew capsule. CST-100 will take NASA astronauts to theInternational Space Station (ISS) and was also intended to service the proposedBigelow Commercial Space Station.[35][36] A three-flight test program was projected to be completed by 2015, certifying the Atlas V/CST-100 combination for human spaceflight operations.[36] The first flight was expected to include an Atlas V rocket integrated with an uncrewed CST-100 capsule,[35] the second flight an in-flight launch abort system demonstration in the middle of that year,[36] and the third flight a crewed mission carrying two Boeing test-pilot astronauts into LEO and returning them safely at the end of 2015.[36] These plans were delayed by many years and morphed along the way so that in the end, the first orbital test flight with no crew materialized in 2019, but it was a failure and needed to be reflown in 2022, the in-flight launch abort system test flight did not materialize, and the third flight, a crewed orbital test flight with two astronauts (in the end NASA's, not Boeing's astronauts) materialized in June 2024 asBoeing Crewed Flight Test. The launch abort system was tested in 2019 in theBoeing Pad Abort Test. The spacecraft launched from a test stand, not from an Atlas V.
In 2014,NASA selected theBoeing Starliner CST-100 spacecraft as part of theCommercial Crew Program. Atlas V is the launch vehicle for Starliner. The first launch of an uncrewed Starliner, theBoeing OFT mission, occurred atop a human-rated Atlas V on the morning of December 20, 2019; the mission failed to meet goals due to a spacecraft failure, though the Atlas V launcher performed well.[37][38] In 2022, an Atlas V launched an uncrewed Starliner capsule for the second time onBoe-OFT 2 mission; the mission was a success.[39][40]
In June 2024, onBoe-CFT mission, Atlas V carried humans into space for the first time, launching two NASA astronauts to the ISS.[41][42]
Amazon selected the Atlas V to launch some of the satellites forProject Kuiper. Project Kuiper will offer ahigh-speedsatellite internet constellation service. The contract signed with Amazon is for all nine remaining available Atlas V rockets. Project Kuiper aims to put thousands of satellites into orbit. ULA is Amazon's first launch provider.[43] Two Kuiper test satellites were launched on Atlas V in 2023 because their originally-contracted launch vehicles were not available on time. The remaining eight Atlas V Kuiper launches will each carry a full payload of Kuiper satellites. Most of the Kuiper constellation will use other launch vehicles. The first launch of an Atlas V carrying the first batch of 27 Kuiper satellites launched on April 28, 2025.
.png)
Each Atlas V booster configuration has a three-digit designation.
The first digit shows the diameter (in meters) of the payload fairing and has a value of "4" or "5" for fairing launches and "N" for crew capsule launches (as no payload fairing is used).
The second digit indicates the number of solid rocket boosters (SRBs) attached to the core of the launch vehicle and can range from "0" through "3" with the 4 m (13 ft) fairing, and "0" through "5" with the 5 m (16 ft) fairing. As seen in the first image, all SRB layouts are asymmetrical.
The third digit represents the number of engines on the Centaur stage, either "1" or "2". All of the configurations use theSingle Engine Centaur, except for the "N22" which is only used onStarliner crew capsule missions, and usesDual Engine Centaur.
Atlas V has flown in eleven configurations:[44]
Active Retired
| Version | Fairing | SRBs | Centaur engines | Payload, kg[45] | Launches to date | Base price[1] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| toLEO[i] | toGTO | ||||||
| 401 | 4 m | – | 1 | 9,797 | 4,750 | 41 | US$109 million |
| 411 | 4 m | 1 | 1 | 12,150 | 5,950 | 6 | US$115 million |
| 421 | 4 m | 2 | 1 | 14,067 | 6,890 | 9 | US$123 million |
| 431 | 4 m | 3 | 1 | 15,718 | 7,700 | 3 | US$130 million |
| 501 | 5.4 m | – | 1 | 8,123 | 3,775 | 8 | US$120 million |
| 511 | 5.4 m | 1 | 1 | 10,986 | 5,250 | 1 | US$130 million |
| 521 | 5.4 m | 2 | 1 | 13,490 | 6,475 | 2 | US$135 million |
| 531 | 5.4 m | 3 | 1 | 15,575 | 7,475 | 5 | US$140 million |
| 541 | 5.4 m | 4 | 1 | 17,443 | 8,290 | 9 | US$145 million |
| 551 | 5.4 m | 5 | 1 | 18,814 | 8,900 | 18 | US$153 million |
| N22[ii] | None | 2[iii] | 2 | 13,250 (toISS)[48] | 3 | – | |
Before 2016, pricing information for Atlas V launches was limited. In 2010, NASA contracted with ULA to launch theMAVEN mission on an Atlas V 401 for approximately US$187 million.[49] The 2013 cost of this configuration for the U.S. Air Force under their block buy of 36 launch vehicles was US$164 million.[50] In 2015, theTDRS-M launch on an Atlas 401 cost NASA US$132.4 million.[51]
Starting in 2016, ULA provided pricing for the Atlas V through its RocketBuilder website, advertising a base price for each launch vehicle configuration, which ranges from US$109 million for the 401 up to US$153 million for the 551.[1] Each additional SRB adds an average of US$6.8 million to the cost of the launch vehicle. Customers can also choose to purchase larger payload fairings or additional launch service options. NASA and Air Force launch costs are often higher than equivalent commercial missions due to additional government accounting, analysis, processing, and mission assurance requirements, which can add US$30–80 million to the cost of a launch.[52]
In 2013, launch costs for commercial satellites toGTO averaged about US$100 million, significantly lower than historic Atlas V pricing.[53] However, after the rise ofreusable rockets, the price of an Atlas V [401] has dropped from approximately US$180 million to US$109 million,[54] in large part due tocompetitive pressure that emerged in the launch services marketplace during the early 2010s. ULA CEOTory Bruno stated in 2016 that ULA needs at least two commercial missions each year in order to stay profitable going forward.[55] ULA is not attempting to win these missions on purely lowest purchase price, stating that it "would rather be the bestvalue provider".[56] In 2016, ULA suggested that customers would have much lowerinsurance anddelay costs because of the high Atlas V reliability and schedule certainty, making overall customer costs close to that of using competitors like theSpaceXFalcon 9.[57]
In 2006, ULA offered an Atlas V Heavy option that would use threeCommon Core Booster (CCB) stages strapped together to lift a 29,400 kg (64,800 lb) payload tolow Earth orbit.[58] ULA stated at the time that 95% of the hardware required for the Atlas V Heavy has already been flown on the Atlas V single-core vehicles.[20] The lifting capability of the proposed launch vehicle was to be roughly equivalent to theDelta IV Heavy,[20] which usedRS-68 engines developed and produced domestically by Aerojet Rocketdyne.
A 2006 report, prepared by theRAND Corporation for theOffice of the Secretary of Defense, stated that Lockheed Martin had decided not to develop an Atlas V heavy-lift vehicle (HLV).[59] The report recommended for the U.S. Air Force and theNational Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to "determine the necessity of an EELV heavy-lift variant, including development of an Atlas V Heavy", and to "resolve the RD-180 issue, including coproduction,stockpile, or United States development of an RD-180 replacement".[60]
In 2010, ULA stated that the Atlas V Heavy variant could be available to customers 30 months from the date of order.[20]
In late 2006, the Atlas V program gained access to the tooling and processes for 5-meter-diameter stages used onDelta IV when Boeing and Lockheed Martin space operations were merged into theUnited Launch Alliance. This led to a proposal to combine the 5-meter-diameter Delta IV tankage production processes with dual RD-180 engines, resulting in theAtlas Phase 2.
AnAtlas V PH2-Heavy consisting of three 5-meter stages in parallel with six RD-180s was considered in theAugustine Report as a possible heavy lifter for use in future space missions, as well as theShuttle-derivedAres V andAres V Lite.[61] If built, the Atlas PH2-Heavy was projected to be able to launch a payload mass of approximately 70 t (69 long tons; 77 short tons) into an orbit of 28.5°inclination.[61]
The Atlas V Common Core Booster was to have been used as the first stage of the joint US-JapaneseGX rocket, which was scheduled to make its first flight in 2012.[62] GX launches would have been from the Atlas V launch complex at Vandenberg Air Force Base,SLC-3E. However, the Japanese government decided to cancel the GX project in December 2009.[63]
In May 2015, a consortium of companies, includingAerojet andDynetics, sought to license the production or manufacturing rights to the Atlas V using theAerojet Rocketdyne AR1 engine in place of the RD-180. The proposal was rejected by ULA.[64]
| Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) | Type | Serial no. | Launch site | Payload | Type of payload | Orbit | Outcome | Remarks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | August 21, 2002 22:05 | 401 | AV-001 | Cape Canaveral,SLC-41 | Hot Bird 6 | Commercialcommunications satellite (comsat) | GTO | Success[65] | First Atlas V launch | |||||||
| 2 | May 13, 2003 22:10 | 401 | AV-002 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Hellas Sat 2 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[66] | First satellite forGreece andCyprus | |||||||
| 3 | July 17, 2003 23:45 | 521 | AV-003 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Rainbow-1 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[67] | First Atlas V 500 launch First Atlas V launch with SRBs | |||||||
| 4 | December 17, 2004 12:07 | 521 | AV-005 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | AMC-16 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[68] | Last flight of the 521 configuration | |||||||
| 5 | March 11, 2005 21:42 | 431 | AV-004 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Inmarsat-4 F1 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[69] | First Atlas V 400 launch with SRBs | |||||||
| 6 | August 12, 2005 11:43 | 401 | AV-007 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) | Mars orbiter | Heliocentric to Areocentric | Success[70] | First Atlas V launch forNASA | |||||||
| 7 | January 19, 2006 19:00 | 551 | AV-010 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | New Horizons | Pluto andKuiper Belt probe | Hyperbolic | Success[71] | Star 48B third stage used, only Atlas V launch with a third stage. | |||||||
| 8 | April 20, 2006 20:27 | 411 | AV-008 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Astra 1KR | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[72] | ||||||||
| 9 | March 9, 2007 03:10 | 401 | AV-013 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Space Test Program-1 | 6 military research satellites | LEO | Success[73] |
| |||||||
| 10 | June 15, 2007 15:12 | 401 | AV-009 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-194 (NROL-30/NOSS-4-3A and -4-3B) | TwoNROReconnaissance satellites | LEO | Partial failure[74] | First Atlas V flight for the National Reconnaissance Office[75] Atlas did not achieve the intended orbit, but payload compensated for shortfall. NRO declared the mission a success.[74][76][77] | |||||||
| 11 | October 11, 2007 00:22 | 421 | AV-011 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-195 (WGS-1) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[78] | Valve replacement delayed launch.[79] | |||||||
| 12 | December 10, 2007 22:05 | 401 | AV-015 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-198 (NROL-24) | NROreconnaissance satellite | Molniya | Success[80] | ||||||||
| 13 | March 13, 2008 10:02 | 411 | AV-006 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-200 (NROL-28) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | Molniya | Success[81] | First Atlas V launch from Vandenberg.[81] | |||||||
| 14 | April 14, 2008 20:12 | 421 | AV-014 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | ICO G1 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[82] |
| |||||||
| 15 | April 4, 2009 00:31 | 421 | AV-016 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-204 (WGS-2) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[83] | ||||||||
| 16 | June 18, 2009 21:32 | 401 | AV-020 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | LRO/LCROSS | Lunar exploration | HEO toLunar | Success[84] | First Centaur stage to impact on the Moon. | |||||||
| 17 | September 8, 2009 21:35 | 401 | AV-018 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-207 (Palladium At Night - PAN) | Military comsat[85] | GTO[85] | Success[86] | The Centaur upper stage fragmented in orbit about March 24, 2019.[87] | |||||||
| 18 | October 18, 2009 16:12 | 401 | AV-017 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-210 (DMSP 5D3-F18) | Military weather satellite | LEO | Success[88] | ||||||||
| 19 | November 23, 2009 06:55 | 431 | AV-024 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Intelsat 14 | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[89] | LMCLS launch | |||||||
| 20 | February 11, 2010 15:23 | 401 | AV-021 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | SDO | Solar telescope | GTO | Success[90] | ||||||||
| 21 | April 22, 2010 23:52 | 501 | AV-012 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-212 (X-37B OTV-1) | Military orbital test vehicle | LEO | Success[91] | A piece of the external fairing did not break up on impact, but washed up on Hilton Head Island.[92] | |||||||
| 22 | August 14, 2010 11:07 | 531 | AV-019 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-214 (AEHF-1) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[93] | ||||||||
| 23 | September 21, 2010 04:03 | 501 | AV-025 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-215 (NROL-41) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | LEO | Success[94] | ||||||||
| 24 | March 5, 2011 22:46 | 501 | AV-026 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-226 (X-37B OTV-2) | Military orbital test vehicle | LEO | Success[95] | ||||||||
| 25 | April 15, 2011 04:24 | 411 | AV-027 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-229 (NROL-34) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | LEO | Success[96] | ||||||||
| 26 | May 7, 2011 18:10 | 401 | AV-022 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-230 (SBIRS GEO-1) | Missile Warning satellite | GTO | Success[97] | ||||||||
| 27 | August 5, 2011 16:25 | 551 | AV-029 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Juno | Jupiter orbiter | Hyperbolic to Jovicentric | Success[98] | ||||||||
| 28 | November 26, 2011 15:02 | 541 | AV-028 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) | Mars rover | Hyperbolic (Mars landing) | Success[99] | First launch of the 541 configuration[100] Centaur entered orbit around theSun.[101] | |||||||
| 29 | February 24, 2012 22:15 | 551 | AV-030 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MUOS-1 | Military comsat | GTO | Success[102] |
| |||||||
| 30 | May 4, 2012 18:42 | 531 | AV-031 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-235 (AEHF-2) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[104] | ||||||||
| 31 | June 20, 2012 12:28 | 401 | AV-023 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-236 (NROL-38) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | GTO | Success[105] | 50thEELV launch | |||||||
| 32 | August 30, 2012 08:05 | 401 | AV-032 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Van Allen Probes (RBSP) | Van Allen Belts exploration | HEO | Success[106] | ||||||||
| 33 | September 13, 2012 21:39 | 401 | AV-033 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-238 (NROL-36) | NRO reconnaissance satellites | LEO | Success[107] | ||||||||
| 34 | December 11, 2012 18:03 | 501 | AV-034 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-240 (X-37B OTV-3) | Military orbital test vehicle | LEO | Success[108] | ||||||||
| 35 | January 31, 2013 01:48 | 401 | AV-036 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | TDRS-K (TDRS-11) | Data relay satellite | GTO | Success[109] | ||||||||
| 36 | February 11, 2013 18:02 | 401 | AV-035 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | Landsat 8 | Earth Observation satellite | LEO | Success[110] | First West Coast Atlas V Launch forNASA | |||||||
| 37 | March 19, 2013 21:21 | 401 | AV-037 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-241 (SBIRS GEO 2) | Missile Warning satellite | GTO | Success[111] | ||||||||
| 38 | May 15, 2013 21:38 | 401 | AV-039 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-242 (GPS IIF-4) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[112] | First GPS satellite launched by an Atlas V | |||||||
| 39 | July 19, 2013 13:00 | 551 | AV-040 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MUOS-2 | Military comsat | GTO | Success[113] | ||||||||
| 40 | September 18, 2013 08:10 | 531 | AV-041 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-246 (AEHF-3) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[114] | ||||||||
| 41 | November 18, 2013 18:28 | 401 | AV-038 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MAVEN | Mars orbiter | Hyperbolic to Areocentric | Success[115] | ||||||||
| 42 | December 6, 2013 07:14:30 | 501 | AV-042 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-247 (NROL-39) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | Low Earth orbit | Success[116] | ||||||||
| 43 | January 24, 2014 02:33 | 401 | AV-043 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | TDRS-L (TDRS-12) | Data relay satellite | GTO | Success[117] | ||||||||
| 44 | April 3, 2014 14:46 | 401 | AV-044 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-249 (DMSP-5D3 F19) | Military weather satellite | Low Earth orbit | Success[118] | 50th RD-180 launch | |||||||
| 45 | April 10, 2014 17:45 | 541 | AV-045 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-250 (NROL-67) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | GTO | Success[119] | ||||||||
| 46 | May 22, 2014 13:09 | 401 | AV-046 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-252 (NROL-33) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | GTO | Success[120] | ||||||||
| 47 | August 2, 2014 03:23 | 401 | AV-048 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-256 (GPS IIF-7) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[121] | ||||||||
| 48 | August 13, 2014 18:30 | 401 | AV-047 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | WorldView-3 | Earth imaging satellite | Low Earth orbit | Success[122] | ||||||||
| 49 | September 17, 2014 00:10 | 401 | AV-049 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-257 (CLIO) | Military comsat[123] | GTO[123] | Success[124] | The Centaur upper stage fragmented on August 31, 2018[125] | |||||||
| 50 | October 29, 2014 17:21 | 401 | AV-050 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-258 (GPS IIF-8) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[126] | 50th Atlas V launch | |||||||
| 51 | December 13, 2014 03:19 | 541 | AV-051 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-259 (NROL-35) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | Molniya | Success[127] | First use of theRL-10C engine on the Centaur stage | |||||||
| 52 | January 21, 2015 01:04 | 551 | AV-052 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MUOS-3 | Military comsat | GTO | Success[128] | ||||||||
| 53 | March 13, 2015 02:44 | 421 | AV-053 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MMS | Magnetosphere research satellites | HEO | Success[129] | ||||||||
| 54 | May 20, 2015 15:05 | 501 | AV-054 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-261 (X-37B OTV-4/AFSPC-5) | Military orbital test vehicle | LEO | Success[130] | ||||||||
| 55 | July 15, 2015 15:36 | 401 | AV-055 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-262 (GPS IIF-10) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[131] | ||||||||
| 56 | September 2, 2015 10:18 | 551 | AV-056 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MUOS-4 | Military comsat | GTO | Success[132] | ||||||||
| 57 | October 2, 2015 10:28 | 421 | AV-059 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Morelos-3 | Comsat | GTO | Success[133] | ||||||||
| 58 | October 8, 2015 12:49 | 401 | AV-058 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-264 (NROL-55) | NRO reconnaissance satellites | LEO | Success[134] | ||||||||
| 59 | October 31, 2015 16:13 | 401 | AV-060 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-265 (GPS IIF-11) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[135] | ||||||||
| 60 | December 6, 2015 21:44 | 401 | AV-061 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Cygnus CRS OA-4 | ISS logistics spacecraft | LEO | Success[136] | First Atlas rocket used to directly support the ISS program | |||||||
| 61 | February 5, 2016 13:38 | 401 | AV-057 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-266 (GPS IIF-12) | Navigation satellite | MEO | Success[137] | ||||||||
| 62 | March 23, 2016 03:05 | 401 | AV-064 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Cygnus CRS OA-6 | ISS logistics spacecraft | LEO | Success[138] | First stage shut down early but did not affect mission outcome | |||||||
| 63 | June 24, 2016 14:30 | 551 | AV-063 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | MUOS-5 | Military comsat | GTO | Success[139] | ||||||||
| 64 | July 28, 2016 12:37 | 421 | AV-065 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-267 (NROL-61) | NRO reconnaissance satellite | GTO | Success[140] | ||||||||
| 65 | September 8, 2016 23:05 | 411 | AV-067 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | OSIRIS-REx | Asteroid sample return | Heliocentric | Success[141] | ||||||||
| 66 | November 11, 2016 18:30 | 401 | AV-062 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | WorldView-4 (GeoEye-2) + 7 NRO cubesats | Earth Imaging, cubesats | SSO | Success[142] | LMCLS launch | |||||||
| 67 | November 19, 2016 23:42 | 541 | AV-069 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | GOES-R (GOES-16) | Meteorology | GTO | Success[143] | 100thEELV launch | |||||||
| 68 | December 18, 2016 19:13 | 431 | AV-071 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | EchoStar 19 (Jupiter 2) | Commercial comsat | GTO | Success[144] | LMCLS launch Last flight of the 431 configuration | |||||||
| 69 | January 21, 2017 00:42 | 401 | AV-066 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-273 (SBIRS GEO-3) | Missile Warning satellite | GTO | Success[145] | ||||||||
| 70 | March 1, 2017 17:49 | 401 | AV-068 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-274 (NROL-79) | NRO Reconnaissance Satellite | LEO | Success[146] | ||||||||
| 71 | April 18, 2017 15:11 | 401 | AV-070 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Cygnus CRS OA-7 | ISS logistics spacecraft | LEO | Success[147] | ||||||||
| 72 | August 18, 2017 12:29 | 401 | AV-074 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | TDRS-M (TDRS-13) | Data relay satellite | GTO | Success[148] | ||||||||
| 73 | September 24, 2017 05:49 | 541 | AV-072 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | USA-278 (NROL-42) | NRO Reconnaissance Satellite | Molniya | Success[149] | ||||||||
| 74 | October 15, 2017 07:28 | 421 | AV-075 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-279 (NROL-52) | NRO Reconnaissance satellite | GTO | Success[150] | ||||||||
| 75 | January 20, 2018 00:48 | 411 | AV-076 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-282 (SBIRS GEO-4) | Missile Warning satellite | GTO | Success[151] | ||||||||
| 76 | March 1, 2018 22:02 | 541 | AV-077 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | GOES-S (GOES-17) | Meteorology | GTO | Success[152] | Expended the 100th AJ-60 SRB. The Centaur upper stage fragmented in orbit on September 6, 2024.[153] | |||||||
| 77 | April 14, 2018 23:13 | 551 | AV-079 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | AFSPC-11 | Military comsat | GEO | Success[154] | ||||||||
| 78 | May 5, 2018 11:05 | 401 | AV-078 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | InSightMarCO | Mars lander; 2 CubeSats | Hyperbolic (Mars landing) | Success[155] | First interplanetary mission fromVandenberg; first interplanetary CubeSats. | |||||||
| 79 | October 17, 2018, 04:15 | 551 | AV-073 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-288 (AEHF-4) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[156][157] | 250th Centaur. The Centaur upper stage fragmented in orbit on April 6, 2019.[158][159] | |||||||
| 80 | August 8, 2019, 10:13 | 551 | AV-083 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-292 (AEHF-5) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[160] | ||||||||
| 81 | December 20, 2019, 11:36 | N22 | AV-080 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | StarlinerBoeing OFT | Uncrewed orbital test flight | LEO (ISS) | Success | First flight of a Dual-Engine Centaur on Atlas V. First orbital test flight of Starliner. Planned to visit ISS, but an anomaly with the Starliner vehicle left the spacecraft in too low an orbit to do so. The Atlas V rocket performed as expected and thus the mission is listed as successful here.[161] | |||||||
| 82 | February 10, 2020, 04:03 | 411 | AV-087 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Solar Orbiter | Solar heliophysics orbiter | Heliocentric | Success[162] | Last Flight of the 411 configuration | |||||||
| 83 | March 26, 2020, 20:18 | 551 | AV-086 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-298(AEHF-6) | Military comsat | GTO | Success[163] | First ever flight for theU.S. Space Force. 500th flight of the RL10 engine | |||||||
| 84 | May 17, 2020, 13:14 | 501 | AV-081 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-299 (USSF-7 (X-37B OTV-6, Falcon-Sat-8)) | X-37 military spaceplane;USAFA sat. | LEO | Success[164] | Sixth flight of X-37B; FalconSat-8 | |||||||
| 85 | July 30, 2020, 11:50 | 541 | AV-088 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Mars 2020 | Mars rover | Heliocentric | Success[165] | Launch of thePerseverance rover | |||||||
| 86 | November 13, 2020, 22:32 | 531 | AV-090 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA 310 (NROL-101) | NRO Reconnaissance Satellite | LEO | Success[166] | First usage of newGEM 63solid rocket boosters. | |||||||
| 87 | May 18, 2021, 17:37 | 421 | AV-091 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA 315 (SBIRS-GEO 5) | Missile warning satellite | GTO | Success[167] | First usage ofRL-10C-1-1 upper stage engine. Mission was successful, but unexpected vibration was observed in the new engine. Further use of this engine variant is on hold pending better understanding.[168] | |||||||
| 88 | September 27, 2021 18:12 | 401 | AV-092 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | Landsat 9 | Earth Observation satellite | LEO | Success[169] | ||||||||
| 89 | October 16, 2021 09:34 | 401 | AV-096 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Lucy | Space probe | Heliocentric | Success[170] | ||||||||
| 90 | December 7, 2021 10:19 | 551 | AV-093 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | STP-3 | Technology demonstration | GEO | Success[171] | Longest flight ever by an Atlas V Rocket | |||||||
| 91 | January 21, 2022 19:00 | 511 | AV-084 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USSF-8 (GSSAP 5 & 6) | Space Surveillance | GEO | Success[172] | First and only planned flight of the 511 configuration | |||||||
| 92 | March 1, 2022 21:38 | 541 | AV-095 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | GOES-T | Meteorology | GEO | Success[173] | ||||||||
| 93 | May 19, 2022 22:54 | N22 | AV-082 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Boe OFT-2 | Uncrewed orbital test flight | LEO (ISS) | Success[174] | ||||||||
| 94 | July 1, 2022 23:15 | 541 | AV-094 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USSF-12 (WFOV) | Early warning | GEO | Success[175] | Last flight of the 541 configuration 100th flight of anRD-180 engine | |||||||
| 95 | August 4, 2022 10:29 | 421 | AV-097 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-336 (SBIRS GEO-6) | Missile warning satellite | GEO | Success[176] | Last flight of the 421 configuration | |||||||
| 96 | 4 October 2022 21:36 | 531 | AV-099 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | SES-20 & SES-21 | Communication Satellites | GEO | Success[177] | Last flight of the 531 configuration | |||||||
| 97 | 10 November 2022 09:49 | 401 | AV-098 | Vandenberg, SLC-3E | JPSS-2 /LOFTID | Environmental Satellites | SSO | Success[178] | Last flight of the 401 configuration and last Atlas V launch from VSFB. Final flight of an Atlas V with a 4-meter fairing. 100th use of Single Engine Centaur. | |||||||
| 98 | 10 September 2023 12:47 | 551 | AV-102 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-346 USA-347 USA-348 (NROL-107) | NRO domain awareness satellites | GEO | Success[179] | Final NRO launch on an Atlas V. | |||||||
| 99 | 6 October 2023 18:06 | 501 | AV-104 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | KuiperSat-1 &KuiperSat-2 | Experimental Internet Satellites | LEO | Success[180] | Project Kuiper Protoflight mission carrying two demonstrator satellites. Last flight of the 501 configuration. | |||||||
| 100 | 5 June 2024 14:52 | N22 | AV-085 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Boe-CFT | Crewed orbital test flight | LEO (ISS) | Success[181] | The first crewed launch of an Atlas V rocket withSunita Williams andBarry E. Wilmore onboard. | |||||||
| 101 | July 30, 2024, 10:45 | 551 | AV-101 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | USA-396 USA-397 USA-398 (USSF-51) | Unknown | GEO | Success[182] | First launch for ULA underNational Security Space Launch program. Launch vehicle transferred fromVulcan Centaur to Atlas V. | |||||||
| 102 | April 28, 2025, 23:01 | 551 | AV-107 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | KuiperSat × 27 (KA‑01)[183] | Internet Satellites | LEO | Success | Launch of 27 satellites for internet constellation. | |||||||
| 103 | June 23, 2025, 10:54 | 551 | AV-105 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | KuiperSat × 27 (KA‑02) | Internet Satellites | LEO | Success | Launch of 27 satellites for internet constellation. | |||||||
| 104 | September 25, 2025, 12:09 | 551 | AV-108 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | KuiperSat × 27 (KA‑03) | Internet Satellites | LEO | Success | Launch of 27 satellites for internet constellation. | |||||||
| 105 | November 14, 2025, 03:04 | 551 | AV-100 | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | ViaSat-3 Flight 2 | Communications Satellite | GTO | Success | Last launch of geostationary communication satellite on Atlas V. | |||||||
ULA has stopped selling the Atlas V. It will fly eleven more launches.[184]
For planned launches, seeList of Atlas launches (2020–2029).
The first payload, theHot Bird 6 communications satellite, was launched to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) on August 21, 2002, by an Atlas V 401.[185]
On August 12, 2005, theMars Reconnaissance Orbiter was launched aboard an Atlas V 401 launch vehicle fromSpace Launch Complex 41 atCape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). TheCentaur upper stage of the launch vehicle completed its burns over a 56-minute period and placed MRO into aninterplanetary transfer orbit towards Mars.[70]
On January 19, 2006,New Horizons was launched by a Lockheed Martin Atlas V 551 rocket. A third stage was added to increase the heliocentric (escape) speed. This was the first launch of the Atlas V 551 configuration with five solid rocket boosters, and the first Atlas V with a third stage.[186]
On December 6, 2015, Atlas V lifted its heaviest payload to date into orbit – a 16,517 lb (7,492 kg)Cygnus resupply craft.[187]
On September 8, 2016, theOSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission was launched on an Atlas V 411 launch vehicle. It arrived at the asteroid Bennu in December 2018 and departed back to Earth in May 2021 to arrive September 2022 at with a sample ranging from 60 grams to 2 kilograms in 2023.[188]
FiveBoeing X-37Bspaceplane missions were successfully launched with the Atlas V. The flights are launched on Atlas V 501s fromCape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The X-37B, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft operated byUSAF that can autonomously conduct landings from orbit to a runway.[189] The firstVandenberg Air Force Base landing at theSpace Shuttle 15,000 ft (4,600 m) runway occurred in December 2010.[190] Landings occur at both Vandenberg and Cape Canaveral depending on mission requirements.[189]
On December 20, 2019, the firstStarliner crew capsule was launched inBoe-OFT un-crewed test flight. The Atlas Vlaunch vehicle performed flawlessly but an anomaly with the spacecraft left it in a wrong orbit. The orbit was too low to reach the flight's destination ofISS, and the mission was subsequently cut short.
In its 100 launches (as of June 2024), starting with its first launch in August 2002, Atlas V has achieved a 100% mission success rate and a 99% vehicle success rate.[191]
The first anomalous event in the use of the Atlas V launch system occurred on June 15, 2007, when the engine in the Centaur upper stage of an Atlas V shut down early, leaving its payload – a pair ofNROL-30 oceansurveillance satellites – in a lower than intended orbit. The cause of the anomaly was traced to a leaky valve, which allowed fuel to leak during the coast between the first and second burns. The resulting lack of fuel caused the second burn to terminate 4 seconds early.[192] Replacing the valve led to a delay in the next Atlas V launch.[79] However, the customer (theNational Reconnaissance Office) categorized the mission as a success.[193][194]
A flight on March 23, 2016, suffered an underperformance anomaly on the first-stage burn and shut down 5 seconds early. The Centaur proceeded to boost the Orbital Cygnus payload, the heaviest on an Atlas to date, into the intended orbit by using its fuel reserves to make up for the shortfall from the first stage. This longer burn cut short a later Centaur disposal burn.[195] An investigation of the incident revealed that this anomaly was due to a fault in the main engine mixture-ratio supply valve, which restricted the flow of fuel to the engine. The investigation and subsequent examination of the valves on upcoming missions led to a delay of the next several launches.[196]
The mission success criteria used by ULA includes only delivering the payload to a correct, or at least acceptable, orbit. A more expansive definition, subscribed to internationally,[197] and by both NASA[198] and the DOD,[199] includes not generating any un-necessary orbital debris, even after the primary mission is complete. By this more expansive standard, Atlas V has had 4 failures, each where an derelict Centaur stage fragmented in orbit long after the primary mission was completed.[200][201] Tory Bruno, head of ULA, has stated that Centaurs are passivated and "incapable of coming apart on their own". But since this has happened four times, and apparently only to Centaurs, others are skeptical.[202]
In 2014, geopolitical andU.S.political considerations because of theRussian annexation of Crimea led to an effort to replace the Russian-suppliedNPO EnergomashRD-180 engine used on the first-stage booster of the Atlas V. Formal study contracts were issued in June 2014 to a number of U.S. rocket-engine suppliers.[203] The results of those studies led to a decision by ULA to develop the newVulcan Centaur launch vehicle to replace the existing Atlas V and theDelta IV.[204]
Although ULA intended to complete development of Vulcan by 2019, development took longer than expected and the first Vulcan launch was on January 8, 2024.[205][206]
In September 2014, ULA announced a partnership withBlue Origin to develop theBE-4LOX/methane engine to replace the RD-180 on a newfirst-stage booster. As the Atlas V core is designed around RP-1 fuel and cannot be retrofitted to use a methane-fueled engine, a new first stage was developed. This booster has the same first-stage tankage diameter as the Delta IV and is powered by two 2,400 kN (540,000 lbf) thrust BE-4 engines.[203][207][208]
Vulcan uses theCentaur V developed for it instead of the Centaur III used on Atlas V.[209] It also uses two, four, or six optional solid rocket boosters, called theGEM 63XL, derived from the GEN 63 solid boosters used on Atlas V.[26]
In August 2021, ULA announced that they are no longer selling launches on the Atlas V and they would fulfill their 29 existing launch contracts.[210] They made a final purchase of the RD-180 motors they needed and the last of those motors were delivered in April 2021. The last launch will occur "some time in the mid-2020s".[210] As of November 2025[update], eighteen missions have flown since the announcement,[c] and eleven launches remain.
_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg)
Comparable rockets:
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