| At Folsom Prison | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Live album by | ||||
| Released | May 6, 1968 | |||
| Recorded | January 13, 1968 | |||
| Venue | Folsom State Prison (Folsom, California) | |||
| Genre | Country | |||
| Length | 45:05 | |||
| Label | Columbia | |||
| Producer | Bob Johnston | |||
| Johnny Cash chronology | ||||
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| Singles from At Folsom Prison | ||||
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At Folsom Prison (also known asJohnny Cash at Folsom Prison) is the firstlive album by American singer-songwriterJohnny Cash, released byColumbia Records on May 6, 1968. It was recorded atFolsom State Prison, California, on January 13, 1968.
After his 1955 song "Folsom Prison Blues", Cash had been interested in recording a performance at a prison. His idea was delayed until 1967, when personnel changes at Columbia Records sawBob Johnston placed in charge of producing Cash's material. Cash had controlled hisdrug-abuse problems and was seeking to resuscitate his career after several years of limited success. Backed byJune Carter,Carl Perkins and theTennessee Three, Cash performed two shows at Folsom State Prison.
Despite little initial promotion by Columbia,At Folsom Prison reached number one on theTop Country Charts and the top 15 of the national album chart. The lead single, a performance of "Folsom Prison Blues", was Cash's first top-40 hit since 1964's "Understand Your Man".At Folsom Prison received positive reviews and revitalized Cash's career. At the11th Annual Grammy Awards in 1969, it won for Best Album Notes, and "Folsom Prison Blues" won for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male.
Cash recorded three more live albums in prisons:At San Quentin (1969),På Österåker (1973) andA Concert Behind Prison Walls (1976).At Folsom Prison was rereleased with additional tracks in 1999, and again in 2018 forRecord Store Day. It was certifiedtriple platinum in 2003 for American sales exceeding 3.4 million. It has been cited by numerous critics as one of the greatest albums and was included inRolling Stone's list ofthe 500 greatest albums of all time.
Johnny Cash became interested inFolsom State Prison, California, while serving in theUnited States Air Force Security Service. In 1953, his unit watchedCrane Wilbur's 1951 filmInside the Walls of Folsom Prison. The film inspired Cash to write a song that reflected his perception of prison life.[1] The result was "Folsom Prison Blues", Cash's second single onSun Records. The song became popular among inmates, who would write to Cash, requesting him to perform at their prisons.[2] Cash's first prison performance was atHuntsville State Prison in 1957.[3] Satisfied by the favorable reception, he performed at several other prisons in the years leading up to the Folsom performance in 1968.[3]
A few years after attaining commercial success from songs such as "I Walk the Line", "Understand Your Man", and "Ring of Fire", Cash's popularity waned, in part due to his increasing dependence on drugs.[4] In 1967, Cash sought help for his escalating drug problems, and by the end of the year, began to get clean and try to turn his career around.[5] Concurrently, the country portion ofColumbia Records underwent major personnel changes, where Frank Jones andDon Law, who had produced several of Cash's albums, were ousted in favor ofBob Johnston, who was known for his erratic behavior and willingness to disagree with studio executives.[6] Cash saw this as an opportunity to pitch his idea of recording a live album at a prison, which Johnston enthusiastically supported.[7] Johnston calledSan Quentin State Prison and Folsom, with Folsom being the first to respond.[8]
On January 10, 1968, Cash and his future wife, singerJune Carter, registered at the El Rancho Motel inSacramento, California. They were later accompanied by theTennessee Three,Carl Perkins,the Statler Brothers, Johnny's father Ray Cash, Reverend Floyd Gressett, pastor of Avenue Community Church inVentura, California (where Cash often attended services), who counseled inmates at Folsom and helped facilitate the concert and producer Johnston. The performers rehearsed for two days, an uncommon occurrence for them, sometimes with two or more songs rehearsed concurrently by various combinations of musicians.[9]
One focus of the sessions was to learn "Greystone Chapel", a song written by inmateGlen Sherley. Sherley had previously recorded a version of the song that he sent to Rev. Gressett via the prison's recreation director.[10][11] During the rehearsals on January 12, California governorRonald Reagan, who was at the hotel for an after-dinner speech, visited the band and offered his encouragement.[12] On January 13, the group traveled to Folsom, meetingLos Angeles Times writer Robert Hilburn and Columbia photographer Jim Marshall, who were hired to document the album for the liner notes.[13]
Cash held two performances on January 13, one at 9:40 a.m. and another at 12:40 p.m. in case the first performance was unsatisfactory.[14] After an introduction byMC Hugh Cherry, who encouraged the prisoners to "respond" to Cash's performance, Carl Perkins performed his hit "Blue Suede Shoes".[15] The Statler Brothers then sang their hit "Flowers on the Wall" and the country standard "This Old House".[16] Cherry returned to the stage and instructed the inmates not to cheer for Cash until he introduced himself; they obliged.[2] The period in which Cash waited for his introduction would become the opening scene of the 2005 Cash biopicWalk the Line.
Cash opened both shows with a rendition of "Folsom Prison Blues", followed by many songs about prison, including "The Wall", "Green, Green Grass of Home" and thegallows humor song "25 Minutes to Go". Cash also included other songs of despair, such as theMerle Travis song "Dark as a Dungeon". Following "Orange Blossom Special", Cash included a few "slow, ballad-type songs", including "Send a Picture of Mother" and "The Long Black Veil", followed by three novelty songs from his albumEverybody Loves a Nut: "Dirty Old Egg-Sucking Dog", "Flushed from the Bathroom of Your Heart" and "Joe Bean".[17] Carter joined Cash to perform a pair of duets. After a seven-minute version of a song from hisBlood, Sweat and Tears album, "The Legend of John Henry's Hammer", Cash took a break and Carter recited a poem.[17] Cash ended both concerts with Sherley's "Greystone Chapel". The first concert was considered to be superior than the second, as the musicians were fatigued from the earlier show.[18] Only two songs from the second concert, "Give My Love to Rose" and "I Got Stripes", were included on the album.
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The album release ofAt Folsom Prison was prepared in four months. Despite the recent success of "Rosanna's Going Wild", a Cash single released just before the Folsom concerts that reached number two on theTop Country Charts, Columbia initially invested little in the album or its single "Folsom Prison Blues". This was partly because Columbia focused its promotional efforts on pop stars rather than on country artists.[19][20] However, the single charted on theBillboard Hot 100 on May 25, 1968 and entered theHot Country Singles chart one week later.[21][22]
AfterRobert F. Kennedy's assassination on June 5, 1968, some radio stations stopped playing the single because of the line "I shot a man in Reno / Just to watch him die". Columbia demanded that Johnston remix the single with the line removed, and despite Cash's protests, the single was edited and rereleased. The new version reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart and the top 40 on the Hot 100.[23] The success of the single allowed the album to climb the charts, eventually reaching number one on theTop Country Albums chart and number 13 on thePop Albums chart.[24] By August 1968,Folsom had shipped more than 300,000 copies; in October, it wascertified gold for shipping more than 500,000 copies.[25][26]
At Folsom Prison received rave reviews.Al Aronowitz ofLife stated that Cash sang the songs like "someone who has grown up believing he is one of the people that these songs are about".[27] ForThe Village Voice, Ann Fisher wrote that "every cut is special in its own way" and Richard Goldstein said the album was "filled with the kind of emotionalism you seldom find in rock".[28][29] Fredrick E. Danker ofSing Out! praised it as "an album structured an aural experience for us".[30] At the11th Annual Grammy Awards in 1969, the album won the award for Best Album Notes and "Folsom Prison Blues" won for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male.[31]
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  [32] |
| Pitchfork | 9.7/10[33] |
| PopMatters | 10/10[34] |
| Rolling Stone |  [35] |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [36] |
The success of the album revitalized Cash's career. According to Cash, "That's where things really got started for me again."[4]Sun Records remixed Cash's previous B-side "Get Rhythm" with applause similar to that heard on the album and it reached the Hot 100.[37] Cash returned to the prison scene in 1969 when he recordedAt San Quentin atSan Quentin State Prison.At San Quentin became Cash's first album to reach number one on the pop chart and produced the number-two hit "A Boy Named Sue". The ensuing popularity from the Folsom concert also promptedABC to give Cash his own television show.[38]
The album was rereleased on October 19, 1999 including three extra tracks excluded from the original LP: "Busted", "Joe Bean" and "The Legend of John Henry's Hammer".Stephen Thomas Erlewine ofAllMusic praised the new version, calling it "the ideal blend of mythmaking and gritty reality."[39] On May 27, 2003,At Folsom Prison was certified triple platinum for shipping more than three million copies.[26]
At Folsom Prison has been cited as one of the greatest albums by several sources. In 2003, it was ranked number 88 onRolling Stone's list ofthe 500 greatest albums of all time, maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list[40] and ranking at number 164 in a 2020 revised list.[41] Also in 2003, it was one of 50 recordings chosen by theLibrary of Congress to be added to theNational Recording Registry.[42]Country Music Television named it the third-greatest album in country music in 2006.[43]Blender listed the album as the 63rd-greatest American album of all time and as one of the "500 CDs You Must Own".[44][45] In 2006,Time listed it among the 100 greatest albums.[46] BothFar Out andGuitar World ranked it as the best live album of all time.[47][48] The album was also included in the book1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[49]
In 2008, Columbia andLegacy Records reissuedAt Folsom Prison in an expanded edition with both concerts uncut and remastered. It includes a DVD produced by Bestor Cram and Michael Streissguth ofNorthern Light Productions, with pictures and interviews.Pitchfork Media praised the reissue, saying it had "the force of empathic endeavors, as if [Cash] were doing penance for his notorious bad habits".[50] Christian Hoard wrote forRolling Stone that the reissue "makes for an excellent historical document, highlighting Cash's rapport with prison folk".[51] In 2018,At Folsom Prison was inducted into theGrammy Hall of Fame.[52]
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Folsom Prison Blues" | Johnny Cash | 2:42 |
| 2. | "Dark as the Dungeon" | Merle Travis | 3:05 |
| 3. | "I Still Miss Someone" | J. Cash, Roy Cash Jr. | 1:38 |
| 4. | "Cocaine Blues" | T.J. Arnall | 3:01 |
| 5. | "25 Minutes to Go" | Shel Silverstein | 3:31 |
| 6. | "Orange Blossom Special" | Ervin T. Rouse | 3:01 |
| 7. | "The Long Black Veil" | Marijohn Wilkin,Danny Dill | 3:57 |
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Send a Picture of Mother" | Cash | 2:11 |
| 2. | "The Wall" | Harlan Howard | 1:49 |
| 3. | "Dirty Old Egg-Suckin' Dog" | Jack H. Clement | 1:17 |
| 4. | "Flushed from the Bathroom of Your Heart" | Clement | 2:39 |
| 5. | "Jackson" (withJune Carter) | Billy Edd Wheeler,Jerry Leiber | 2:56 |
| 6. | "Give My Love to Rose" (with June Carter) | Cash | 2:41 |
| 7. | "I Got Stripes" | Cash, Charlie Williams | 1:42 |
| 8. | "Green, Green Grass of Home" | Curly Putman | 2:57 |
| 9. | "Greystone Chapel" | Glen Sherley | 5:34 |
| Chart (1968) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Norwegian Albums Chart[53] | 7 |
| UK Albums Chart[54] | 7 |
| U.S.Pop Albums[24] | 13 |
| U.S.Top Country Albums[24] | 1 |
| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| CanadaRPM LP Chart[55] | 27 |
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Canada (Music Canada)[56] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| Ireland (IRMA)[57] | Gold | 7,500^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[58] | Gold | 100,000^ |
| United States (RIAA)[59] | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | ||
