| Ashur-dan I | |
|---|---|
| King of Assyria | |
| King of theMiddle Assyrian Empire | |
| Reign | 36/46 regnal years 1178–1133 BC[1] 1168-1133 BC |
| Predecessor | Ninurta-apal-Ekur |
| Successor | Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur |
| Issue | Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur,Mutakkil-nusku |
| Father | Ninurta-apal-Ekur |
Aššur-dān I,mAš-šur-dān(kal)an, was the 83rd king ofAssyria, reigning for 46[i 1] (variant: 36[i 2]) years, c. 1178 to 1133 BC (variant: c. 1168 to 1133 BC[2]), and the son ofNinurta-apal-Ekur,[i 3] where one of the three variant copies of theAssyrian King List shows a difference. TheSynchronistic King List[i 4] and a fragmentary copy[i 5] give hisBabylonian contemporaries asZababa-šum-iddina, c. 1158 BC, andEnlil-nādin-aḫe, c. 1157—1155 BC, the last of the kings of theKassite dynasty, but it is probable he was contemporary with two more preceding and two following these monarchs, if the length of his reign is correct.
Few inscriptions have been recovered for this king although he is mentioned in two of those of his descendantTukultī-apil-Ešarra.[3] One of these inscriptions mentions his demolition of the dilapidated temple ofAn andAdad, originally built byIšme-Dāgan II 641 years earlier. It was not to be reconstructed until 60 years later by Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, who also names him in his genealogy.[4] A dedication for the king appears on a bronze statue votive offering[i 6] to the Egašankalamma, temple ofIštar inArbail, offered by Šamši-Bēl, a scribe.[5]
A partial reconstruction of the sequence oflimmus, the AssyrianEponym dating system, has been proposed influenced by a letter[i 7] which provides the initial sequence of Pišqiya, the official during whose reign his predecessor died, Aššur-dān (the king), Atamar-den-Aššur, Aššur-bel-lite, and Adad-mušabši.[6] A harem edict or palace decree was issued giving the penalties for misdemeanors of maidservants, where the first offence is punishable with a beating thirty times with rods by her mistress.[5]
During the twilight years of the Kassite dynasty, theSynchronistic History[i 8] records that he seized the cities of Zaban, Irriya, Ugar-sallu and a fourth town name not preserved, plundering them and “taking their vast booty to Assyria.” A fragmentary clay tablet[i 9] usually assigned to this king lists his military conquests over “[…]yash and the land of Irriya, the land of theSuhu, the kings of the land Shadani, […y]aeni, king of the land Shelini.”[5]
Fresh from their conquest of the Babylonians, it seems the Elamite hordes overwhelmed the Assyrian city ofArraphe, which was not recovered until late in Aššur-dān’s reign.[2]
Two sons of Aššur-dān were to contest the throne after his death,Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur ruling for less than a year before being overthrown and forced to flee by his brotherMutakkil-Nusku. A civil war continued where Mutakkil-Nusku controlled the Assyrian heartland, while Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur has support in the provinces.
| Preceded by | King of Assyria 1178–1133 BC | Succeeded by |