Asās al-Taqdīs (Arabic:أساس التقديس,lit. 'The Foundation of DeclaringAllah's Transcendence'), also known asTa'sis al-Taqdis (Arabic:تأسيس التقديس,lit. 'The Establishment of the Sacred') is an Islamictheological book, written by theShafi'i-Ash'ari scholarFakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1209), as a methodical refutation of theKarramiyya and otheranthropomorphists.[1][2]
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi wrote this work to counter the bookKitab al-Tawhid composed by the ultra-traditionalistIbn Khuzayma (d. 311/923). He referred to Ibn Khuzayma as 'the corporealist' (al-mujassim).[3]
He said in the book's introduction that he dedicated it especially to the Just King and the brother ofSaladin, SultanAbu Bakr ibn Ayyub.
The first part of the book opens with a categorical rejection of any corporeality regardingGod, under the title of "Indications on God's Transcendence beyond Corporeality and on Him not Being Confined [by any spatial location]". That is, in fact, his definition ofanthropomorphism: al-Razi maintains that the one God is not present in a direction; He is not a space-occupying entity and is not a body, an assertion for which he provides proofs based on rational and textual evidence.
Al-Razi raises numerous claims, which he then refutes. The claims he contradicts are namely those held by the corporealistKarramites and the ultra-traditionalists who affirmed God's direction (jiha) and its veridical meaning (ashaqiqa: truth, reality). In his discussion al-Razi articulates theAsh'ari stance on this matter and explains the proper figurative interpretation (ta'wil), according to his opinion.[3]
Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and his studentIbn al-Qayyim (d. 751/1350) criticized and attacked the book. Ibn Taymiyya wrote a critical response to the book, entitledal-Ta'sis fi Radd Asas al-Taqdis (Arabic:التأسيس في رد أساس التقديس), better known asBayan Talbis al-Jahmiyya (Arabic:بيان تلبيس الجهمية,lit. 'Explication of the Deceit of the Jahmiyya'), defended the position that God is spatially extended and a body with parts (note that he refuses the word part or limbs and calls them Sifat al-A'yan, A'yan means entities, as opposed to Sifat Ma'na which subsist in the Essence and not entities on their own).[1][3][4][5]
ولئلا نطيل في ذلك لأن فيه طولاً نقتصر فننقل نصوصاً لابن تيمية من كتبه تثبت بأنه كان يقول بالتجسيم والتشبيه فنقول: من أعجب ما قرأناه لابن تيمية قوله في كتابه «بيان تلبيس الجهمية» أو المسمى أيضاً «نقض أساس التقديس» !! (۱۰۹/۱) ما نصه: «وإذا كان كذلك فاسم المشبهة ليس له ذكر بذم في الكتاب والسنة ولا كلام أحد من الصحابة والتابعين...». وقال قبل ذلك ص (۱۰۰ - ۱۰۱) ناقلاً مُقراً: «والموصوف بهذه الصفات لا يكون إلا جسماً فالله تعالى جسم لا كالأجسام» وقال ص (۱۰۱): «وليس في كتاب الله ولا سنة رسوله ولا قول أحد من سلف الأمة وأئمتها أنه ليس بجسم، وأن صفاته ليست أجساماً ولا أعراضاً، فنفي المعاني الثابتة بالشرع والعقل؛ بنفي ألفاظ لم ينف معناها شرع ولا عقل، جهل وضلال». فهذا تصريح واضح بعقيدة التجسيم والتشبيه أعاذنا الله تعالى من ذلك.
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