Aryan Kartli[1] orArian Kartli (meaning "Iranian Kartli"[1][a];Georgian:არიან-ქართლი) was a country claimed by the medievalGeorgian chronicle "The Conversion of Kartli" (მოქცევაჲ ქართლისაჲ,mokc'evay k'art'lisay) to be the earlier homeland of theGeorgians ofKartli.
The Georgian Chronicles relate the apocryphal story ofAlexander the Great's campaign into inner Georgia. Alexander reportedly broughtAzoy (Azo), the son of the unnamed "king of Aryan-Kartli", together with followers, toMtskheta, principal city of Kartli, and charged him with the administration of Kartli in his absence. The 11th-century Georgian monk Arsen, the author of metaphrastical reduction of "The life ofSt. Nino" and tutor of KingDavid IV of Georgia, comments on this passage: "We, Georgians, are descendants of the newcomers from Aryan-Kartli, we speak their language and all the kings of Kartli are descendants of their kings".[2]
Classical sources scholars have inferred that this land lay within the orbit of theAchaemenid Persian Empire.Herodotus' list of theAchaemenid provinces, which places the proto-Georgian tribes within the 13th and 19thsatrapies, is significant in this regard.[3] These territories partially correspond to the historical Georgian southwest where a number of Georgian scholars, notablyGiorgi Melikishvili, tend to place Aryan Kartli.
According to the modern historianStephen H. Rapp, risen in the last phase of the Achaemenid Empire, Aryan Kartli was the first known autonomous kingdom in eastern Georgia.[1] Even though prior to Aryan Kartli there had been small political entities in the western area's of Georgia, closer to theBlack Sea (such as Egrisi/Colchis), it would be the polities to the east of theSurami Pass that "came to embody Georgian political life".[1]
Little is known about Aryan Kartli, however, according to Rapp, it appears to have been an "Achaemenid client on the northern fringe of Iranian domains".[1] Rapp notes that Aryan Kartli "may well be associated with a remarkable palace built according to Achaemenid styles and techniques" at Gumbat'i in Kakheti in eastern Georgia.[1] However, other locations have been proposed as well for Aryan Kartli, including to the southwest of Kartli, in the Armeno-Kartvelian marchlands.[1]
The early Georgian kingdom of Kartli/Iberia, which clearly emerges in historical accounts ofHellenistic period, seems to have shared the Iranian bonds of Aryan Kartli.[3]Cyril Toumanoff equates the region with the Aranē (Greek:'Αράνη) ofPtolemy (V.6.18) and theHarrana of theHittites.[4]
