Born inGoiânia, Arthur began his career withGrêmio, and won theCopa Libertadores in2017. He signed forBarcelona for an initial fee of €31 million in 2018. Arthur joined Italian club Juventus in 2020. He was loaned out toLiverpool in the 2022–23 season, only making one appearance for the club. The following season he was loaned toFiorentina.
Arthur made his senior debut for Brazil in 2018 after previously beingcapped by Brazil youth team atunder-17 level. He was later part of the squad that won the2019 Copa América.
Arthur began his career with his hometown clubGoiás aged 12. In 2010, after being spotted in a youth tournament, he moved toGrêmio.[4]
In January 2015, following Arthur's impressive performances at theCopa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior, he was promoted from Grêmio's youth team under first-team managerLuiz Felipe Scolari. He unexpectedly started in his first team debut, againstAimoré for theCampeonato Gaúcho. However, he was substituted at half-time byArgentine full-backMatías Rodríguez and made no more senior appearances that season. In 2016, Arthur made hisleague debut in the last match of the season, a 1–0 home loss againstBotafogo, replacingKaio in the second half.
In 2017, Arthur become a first-team regular after a string of good performances inPrimeira Liga and Campeonato Gaúcho. In hisCopa Libertadores debut, a 1–1 away draw againstClub Guaraní, he was named man-of-the-match after completing 40 passes, with an impressive 100% success rate. His playing style and build earned drawn comparisons with Spanish midfieldersAndrés Iniesta andThiago Alcântara,[5] and attracted interest from European clubs such asChelsea,[6]Barcelona andAtlético Madrid.[7] In May, Arthur scored his first professional goal, the opener in a 3–1 victory againstFluminense for theCopa do Brasil. In July, he scored his first league goal, the second in a 3–1 away victory againstVitória. In November, was elected by Conmebol the man of match in the second leg of theCopa Libertadores final againstLanús, despite playing only 50 minutes due to an injury.[8]
On 11 March 2018, Barcelona reached an agreement with Grêmio for the transfer of Arthur. The Catalans agreed to pay an initial fee of €31 million plus €9 million in added variables.[9] Arthur signed a six-year contract and was officially announced as aBarça player on 9 July 2018.[10] On 28 July, Arthur scored a goal on his debut againstTottenham Hotspur in a pre-season friendly match.[11]
Arthur Melo made his competitive debut at the2018 Supercopa de España on 12 August, in which Barcelona won 2–1 overSevilla.[12] Arthur made his league debut during the first league match of the season, also registering his first assist for the club in a 3–0 win againstAlavés. On 31 August, Arthur scored his first goal for Barcelona in 2–2 away draw againstOsasuna.[13][14]
On 29 June 2020, Barcelona announced that they had reached an agreement withJuventus for the transfer of Arthur on a five-year contract for €72 million, plus €10 million in variables; the deal was also coordinated with a swap ofMiralem Pjanić.[15] He made his club andSerie A debut on 27 September, coming on as substitute in a 2–2 away draw againstRoma.[16]
On 1 September 2022,Liverpool announced the loan signing of Arthur.[17] Juventus specified that Liverpool had paid €4.5 million in loan fees, with an option to purchase the player for €37.5 million at the end of the one-year loan.[18]
Arthur's Liverpool experience was blighted by physical condition problems after having been forced to train alone while he was at Juventus.[20] He returned to Italy at the end of his loan spell having made just one substitute appearance totalling 13 minutes all season.[21]
He made his international debut againstUnited States in a 2–0friendly win on 7 September 2018 coming on as a substitute. TheBrazilian's first start was againstEl Salvador in a 5–0 win on 12 September.[27]Tite praised themidfielder's playing style saying, "He always finds the best escape, the best pass out. Even if he doesn't provide the assist, he comes up with the pass that will help a player."[28]
In May 2019, Arthur was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the2019 Copa América on home soil.[29] In the2019 Copa América Final against hostsPeru on 7 July, at theMaracanã Stadium, Arthur assistedGabriel Jesus's match-winning goal towards the end of the first half; the match eventually ended in a 3–1 victory to Brazil.[30]
Arthur scored his first senior international goal for Brazil on 17 November 2020, the opener in an eventual 2–0 away win overUruguay in a2022 FIFA World Cup qualifier.[31]