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TheAromanian alphabet (Aromanian:Alfabetu armãnescu/rrãmãnescu) is a variant of theLatin script used for writing theAromanian language. The current version of the alphabet was suggested in 1997 at theSymposium for Standardisation of the Aromanian Writing System inBitola,Republic of North Macedonia and revised in 1999. It was then adopted by most Aromanian writers inNorth Macedonia,Serbia,Albania,Bulgaria andRomania.[1]
The alphabet consists of several letters anddigraphs.[2] The Aromanian alphabet is since 1997 standardized.
| Letter | Name[3] | Pronunciation (IPA) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| A, a | a | /a/ | – |
| Ã, ã | ã | /ə/,/ɨ/ (sometimes) | – |
| B, b | bã | /b/ | – |
| C, c | cã | /k/,/tʃ/,/x/ | /k/ when followed by "a", "o", "u" or a consonant; (/x/ in some dialects),/tʃ/ when followed by "e" or "i" |
| D, d | dã | /d/ | – |
| Dh, dh | dhã | /ð/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "d" is used |
| Dz, dz | dzã | /dz/ | – |
| E, e | e | /ɛ/ | – |
| F, f | fã | /f/ | – |
| G, g | gã | /ɡ/,/dʒ/,/ɣ/ | /ɡ/ before "a", "o", "u" or a consonant (/ɣ/ in some dialects),/dʒ/ before "e" and "i" |
| Gh, gh | ghã | /ɟ/ | before "e" and "i" |
| H, h | hã | /h/ | – |
| I, i | i | /i/ | – |
| J, j | jã | /ʒ/ | |
| K, k | ca | /c/ | before "e" or "i" only |
| L, l | lã | /l/ | – |
| Lj, lj | ljã | /ʎ/ | Found inMacedonian Latin alphabet |
| M, m | mã | /m/ | – |
| N, n | nã | /n/ | – |
| Nj, nj | njã | /ɲ/ | Found inMacedonian Latin alphabet |
| O, o | o | /o/ | – |
| P, p | pã | /p/ | – |
| Q, q | kiu | /k/ | Used only in foreign words – "c" is normally used instead |
| R, r | rã | /r/ | – |
| Rr, rr | rrã | /r/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "r" is used |
| S, s | sã | /s/ | – |
| Sh, sh | shã | /ʃ/ | – |
| T, t | tã | /t/ | – |
| Th, th | thã | /θ/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "t" is used |
| Ts, ts | tsã | /ts/ | – |
| U, u | u | /u/,/ʷ/ | For/ʷ/, "ù" may be used |
| V, v | vã | /v/ | – |
| W, w | dublã vã | /w/ | Used only in foreign words |
| X, x | csã/gzã | /ks/,/ɡz/ | Same pronunciation as found inEnglish |
| Y, y | i greacã | /j/,/ɣ/ | /j/ before "e" and "i",/ɣ/ elsewhere |
| Z, z | zã | /z/ | – |
Prior to adoption of the current writing system, Aromanian had been written using a wide variety of scripts, includingGreek andCyrillic.
With the standardisation ofRomanian, a language closely related to Aromanian, and the opening of Romanian schools in the southernBalkans, theRomanian alphabet was used to write Aromanian.
In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a renewed push for creating a standard writing system. Aromanian began being taught in schools in North Macedonia, Albania, and Romania. Members of various Aromanian societies around the world held conferences every few years, all with the main goal of promoting a standard Aromanian alphabet.
Besides the standardized alphabet, there still exist other variants. Those based on the Latin alphabet often use the letters â, ă, î, ș, ț (as does Romanian) and also ḑ, ľ, ń. InGreece, Aromanian is usually written using the Greek script.
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