Ardanuç | |
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  Ardanuç Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates:41°07′43″N42°03′33″E / 41.12861°N 42.05917°E /41.12861; 42.05917 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Artvin |
| District | Ardanuç |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Emrah Yılmaz (AKP) |
| Elevation | 558 m (1,831 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | 5,470 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 08300 |
| Climate | Cfb |
Ardanuç (Georgian:არტან უჯი,romanized:art'an uji;Armenian:Արտանուջ, Artanuj) is a town inArtvin Province inTurkey'sBlack Sea region ofTurkey, 32 km east ofArtvin. The name Ardanuç derives fromLazuri language and Armenian (Laz:Artanish-Uji;lit. "edge ofArdahan” in Lazuri and “Ard” meaning field in Armenian"). It is the seat ofArdanuç District.[2] Its population is 5,470 (2021).[1]
The history of this area goes back to the settlement of the banks of theÇoruh River by theHurri andMitanni branches of theHittites in 2000 BC. The first mention of Ardanuç was in aUrartu monument to the defeat of the local people in battle by KingSarduri II in 753 BC. Then in the 7th century BC theSaka orScythians are known to have settled and they dominated Artanuj.The castle of Artanuj was built by Georgian kingVakhtang Gorgasali (5th century AD).[3] The castle was besieged by Arab caliph Marwan II (688–750)Umayyad in 744 AD. and was restored by Ashot IBagrationi in the 8th century.[4] He also founded a city, which became the center of the "Kingdom of Georgians" ofTao-Klarjeti.[5][6]
Fighting between theBagrationi andAnatolian beyliks began in 1080. Artanuj being a mountain stronghold was hard to capture, although it did fall to theMongols during their wars with the Turks and Georgians in the 13th century and was brought into theOttoman Empire in 1551 bySuleiman the Magnificent following yet another siege, this time to overturn the local ruler,Atabeg ofSamtskhe Jakeli.
Following theRusso-Turkish War (1877–1878) Artanuj/Ardanuç was ceded toRussia. During the early stages of theFirst World War, Ottoman irregular forces carried out massacres of the local Armenian and other members of the Christian population.[7]
After theRussian Revolution Artanuj became part ofDemocratic Republic of Georgia. The young state placed itself underGerman protection and ceded its largelyMuslim-inhabited regions (including the cities ofBatum,Ardahan,Artvin,Akhaltsikhe andAkhalkalaki) to the Ottoman government (Treaty of Batum, June 4). Following the end of the war, in 1920 Georgia regained control over Artvin, Ardahan, Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki. However, after theRed Army's invasion of Georgia, the region was occupied by the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
The Iskender Pasha Mosque and Tombs (İskender Paşa Camii ve Türbeleri) was commissioned by Iskender Pasha and opened in 1553. It is built in a classical Ottoman style and has four domes. It also contains the tombs of Hatice Hanım, Ali Pasha and Süleyman Pasha.
Ardanuç is a mountainous district, rising from 250 m (820 ft) in theŞavşat River basin (Şavşat district) up to the highest point, 3,050 m (10,010 ft)Mount Çadır. Other high mountains areKürdevan,Yalnızçam andMount Horasan. The town of Ardanuç is on the western side ofYalnızçam Mount and at the conjunction ofBulanık,Aydın andHorhot streams.
TheCehennem Deresi Canyon, located 7 km (4.3 mi) north of Ardanuç, is a tourist attraction.[8]
Ardanuç has anoceanic climate (Köppen:Cfb).
| Climate data for Ardanuç | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 1.5 (34.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 10.9 (51.6) | 14.9 (58.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 7.4 (45.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 80 (3.1) | 70 (2.8) | 56 (2.2) | 63 (2.5) | 63 (2.5) | 67 (2.6) | 49 (1.9) | 54 (2.1) | 67 (2.6) | 88 (3.5) | 91 (3.6) | 101 (4.0) | 849 (33.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[9] | |||||||||||||
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