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Ard Saouda

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Archaeological site in Lebanon Lebanon

Ard Saouda
History
Alternative name	Ard es Saoude, Terres Noires
Location	Wadi et Taim, betweenRashaya andMarjayoun,Lebanon
Periods	Heavy Neolithic,Neolithic,Acheulean
Cultures	Qaraoun culture
Site notes
Excavation dates	1957
Archaeologists	M. Billeaux,Henri Fleisch,Maurice Tallon,Jacques Cauvin,Frank Skeels, L. Skeels, M. Le Cavalier,Lorraine Copeland.
Public access	Unknown

Ard Saouda orArd es Saoude (Terres Noires) is aHeavy Neolithic archaeological site of theQaraoun culture that is located in theWadi al-Taym, betweenRashaya andMarjayoun inLebanon. It is south of the branch road toQaraoun andKaukaba at cote 990, on the surface of fields covered in large blocks ofbasalt, made from an ancientlava.^[1]^[2]

TheNeolithic site was located by M. Billeaux in 1957 left of the road, just before the junction. A furtherAcheulean site was found downhill to the southwest byHenri Fleisch. The site was extended by further discoveries by M. Le Cavalier and F. and L. Skeels atJeb Farah. The area is notable for draining mountain waters into the most northerly feeders of theJordan River.^[2]

The Acheulean material was published by Fleisch in 1966 with the Neolithic remains studied byJacques Cauvin. Over three hundred Acheulean bifaces were collected along with various waste, used cores and rough-outs. It was mostly in brown, shiny flint, some with a grey film. The pieces were heavily patinated, sometimes with a number of different patinas. This allowed Fleisch to divide the tools into four groups, EarlyPaleolithic,Middle Paleolithic, Middle/Late Paleolithic, andUpper Paleolithic withLevallois technique being used on cores in later periods. The Heavy Neolithic and Neolithic material was mostly in a creamychert and consisted ofadzes,chisels, ovalaxes with retouch all over,racloirs, cores and discs.Lorraine Copeland made a collection of similar materials in 1966 and noted the problems assigning material to specific periods. It seemed apparent that the Neolithicflint knappers had re-used older Acheulean tools and that the site had been a factory throughout numerous periods in a long and ancient history.^[2]

References

[edit]

^Moore, A.M.T. (1978).The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 436–442.
^^a ^b ^cL. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966).Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 23. Impr. Catholique. Retrieved29 August 2011.

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Heavy Neolithic sites

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Archaeological sites in Lebanon

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