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Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci Архиепископија београдско-карловачка | |
|---|---|
 St. Michael's Cathedral | |
| Location | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Territory | Belgrade |
| Residence | Building of the Patriarchate, Belgrade |
| Headquarters | Belgrade, Serbia |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Eastern Orthodox |
| Sui iuris church | Serbian Orthodox Church |
| Rite | Byzantine Rite |
| Established | 1931 |
| Cathedral | St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade |
| Language | Church Slavonic Serbian |
| Calendar | Julian calendar |
| Current leadership | |
| Archbishop | Porfirije |
| Map | |
-en.svg) Map of eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church in former Yugoslavia; the seat of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci is marked in red | |
TheArchbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic:Архиепископија београдско-карловачка) is the central or patriarchaleparchy of theSerbian Orthodox Church, with seat inBelgrade,Serbia.[1] The head of the eparchy is theSerbian patriarch.[citation needed]
In 1920, after the unification of all Serbian ecclesiastical provinces into one unitedSerbian Orthodox Church, oldEparchy of Syrmia with its seat inSremski Karlovci came under direct administration of the archbishop ofBelgrade who was also the Serbian patriarch. Formal unification of two eparchies was completed in 1931 when Archbishopric ofBelgrade was joined with theEparchy of Syrmia into theArchbishopric ofBelgrade andKarlovci.[citation needed] In that time, the city ofPančevo was transferred fromEparchy of Vršac to the Archeparchy of Belgrade and Karlovci. In 1947,Eparchy of Syrmia andEparchy of Šumadija were excluded from the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci and were transformed into separate organizational units. The city of Pančevo was returned to theEparchy of Banat. Although, the name of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci includes the name of the town ofKarlovci (Sremski Karlovci), this town is today part of theEparchy of Syrmia and not of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci.
Eparchy of Belgrade is one of the oldest ecclesiastical institutions in this part ofEurope. Ancient Bishopric ofSingidunum was an important ecclesiastical center of the lateRoman Empire during 4th and 5th century. Its bishopsUrsacius andSecundianus were actively involved in religious controversies overArianism.[2] That ancient bishopric finally collapsed after 584 when ancient Singidunum was finally destroyed byAvars.
After the Christianization ofSlavs, eparchy was renewed as late as 9th century. First medieval Bishop of Belgrade who is known by name was Sergije in 878.[3] Since 1018 it belonged to the Eastern OrthodoxArchbishopric of Ohrid.[4] At the end of the 13th century, Belgrade became the capital city of Serbian kingStefan Dragutin and Eparchy of Belgrad came under jurisdiction ofSerbian Orthodox Church. At the beginning of the 15th century, during the rule of Serbian despotStefan Lazarević,[5] metropolitans of Belgrade were among most influential hierarchs of theSerbian Patriarchate of Peć. Belgrade fell under Turkish rule in 1521, but Serbian Patriarchate was renewed in 1557 with its seat in thePatriarchal Monastery of Peć. During 16th and 17th centuries, Serbian bishops of Belgrade were styled as "Metropolitans of Belgrade and Srem".
At the end of the 17th century, regions of Belgrade and Srem were separated by the outcome of theAustro-Turkish War (1683–1699), with Belgrade and Lower Srem remaining under Ottoman rule, while Upper Srem came under Habsburg rule. In 1708, when theautonomous Serbian Metropolitanate in theHabsburg monarchy was created (Metropolitanate of Karlovci), theEparchy of Srem became archdiocese of the Metropolitan, whose seat was inSremski Karlovci. As a result of theAustro-Turkish War (1716–1718), Lower Srem and Belgrade came under Habsburg rule. Two seats (Belgrade and Karlovci) were reunited from 1726 to 1739, and then separated again, following the outcome of theAustro-Turkish War (1737–1739).[6][7]
After that,Eparchy of Srem remained part of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci (Patriarchate of Karlovci after 1848) until 1920, while the Eparchy of Belgrade was returned to jurisdiction of Serbian Patriarchs of Peć. After the abolition of theSerbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1766, Eparchy of Belgrade came under jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[8]
In 1831, Eastern Orthodox Church inPrincipality of Serbia gained itsautonomy from theEcumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and Belgrade became the seat of thearchbishop who was nowmetropolitan of Serbia.[9] In that time, territory of the archeparchy was very large and included regions of present-day eparchies ofŠumadija andBraničevo. The Metropolitanate gainedautocephaly in 1879.[10]
In 1920, theMetropolitanate of Belgrade merged with other Serbian ecclesiastical provinces to form unitedSerbian Orthodox Church. In the same year, region ofBraničevo was separated from the archeparchy and oldEparchy of Braničevo was restored. In 1947, region ofŠumadija was also separated from the archeparchy and newEparchy of Šumadija was created. Since then, the archbishopric was reduced to the inner limits of the City of Belgrade.
There are 12 monasteries within the Archbishopric.[citation needed]
During the long history of the ecclesiastical seat of Belgrade, many bishops, metropolitans, archbishops and finally patriarchs were seated on the throne of this eparchy.
| Name | Tenure | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sergije[3] | (around 878) | Bishop of Belgrade |
| Jovan[11] | (around 1317) | Bishop of Mačva and Belgrade |
| Isidor[12] | (around 1415—1423) | during the reign of Serbian despotStefan Lazarević |
| Grigorije[13] | (around 1438—1440) | during the reign of Serbian despotĐurađ Branković |
| Joanikije[14] | (around 1479) | received royal charter from kingMatthias Corvinus ofHungary |
| Filotej[15] | (since 1481) | during the time of titular Serbian despotVuk Grgurević |
| Teofan[16] | (around 1509) | he established ties with Russia |
| SaintMaksim Branković[17] | (died 1516) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Roman[18] | (around 1532) | underArchbishopric of Ohrid |
| Longin[19] | (around 1545—1548) | underArchbishopric of Ohrid |
| Makarije[20] | (around 1589) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Joakim[21] | (around 1607—1611) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Avesalom[22] | (around 1631—1632) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Ilarion[23] | (around 1644—1662) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Jefrem[24] | (around 1662—1672) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Elevterije[25] | (around 1673—1678) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Pajsije[26] | (around 1680—1681) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem |
| Simeon Ljubibratić[27] | (1682—1690) | migrated toHungary in 1690, with Serbian patriarchArsenije III Crnojević |
| Mihailo[28] | (around 1699—1705) | installed by new Serbian patriarchKalinik I |
| Mojsije Petrović[29] | (1713—1730) | since 1718. under Habsburg rule, and since 1726. alsoMetropolitan of Karlovci |
| Vikentije Jovanović[30] | (1731—1737) | Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci |
| Sophronius[31] | (around 1740—1745) | ethnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade |
| Vikentije Stefanović[32] | (around 1753) | ethnic Serb, Metropolitan of Belgrade, later becameSerbian Patriarch |
| Callinicus[33] | (around 1759—1761) | ethnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade |
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah Јеремија Jeremiah |  | 1766 | 1784 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | EthnicGreek | |
| 2 | Dionysius I Дионисије I | | 1785 | 1791 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 3 | Methodius Методије | | 1791 | 1801 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 4 | Leontius Леонтије | | Leontije Lambrović Леонтије Ламбровић | 1801 | 1813 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek |
| 5 | Dionysius II Дионисије II | | Dimitrije Димитрије | 1813 | 1815 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Serb |
| 6 | Agathangelus Агатангел |  | 1815 | 1825 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 7 | Kiril Кирил | | 1825 | 1827 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek | |
| 8 | Anthimus Антим | | 1827 | 1831 | Metropolitan of Belgrade | Ethnic Greek |
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Melentije Pavlović Мелентије Melenthius |  | Melentije Pavlović Мелентије Павловић | 1831 | 1833 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Serb |
| 2 | Petar Jovanović Петар Peter | .jpg) | Pavle Jovanović Павле Јовановић | 1833 | 1859 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| 3 | Mihailo Jovanović Михаило Michael |  | Miloje Jovanović Милоје Јовановић | 1859 | 1881 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | First tenure |
| Mojsije Мојсије Moses |  | Maksim Veresić Максим Вересић | 1881 | 1883 | Administrator of the Metropolitanate of Belgrade | Appointed by theAustrophileSerbian government | |
| 4 | Teodosije Mraović Теодосије Theodosius |  | Teodor Mraović Теодор Мраовић | 1883 | 1889 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| (3) | Mihailo Jovanović Михаило Michael | | Miloje Jovanović Милоје Јовановић | 1889 | 1898 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Second tenure |
| 5 | Inokentije Pavlović Инокентије Innocentius |  | Jakov Pavlović Јаков Павловић | 1898 | 1905 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | |
| 6 | Dimitrije Димитрије Demetrius | .jpg) | Dimitrije Pavlović Димитрије Павловић | 1905 | 1920 | Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia | Archbishop ofPeć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, andSerbian Patriarch (1920–1930) |
| Serbian Patriarchs, Heads of the Holy Patriarchal See of Belgrade (1920–present) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal title:Archbishop ofPeć, Metropolitan ofBelgrade andKarlovci, and Serbian Patriarch[B] | |||||||
| No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
| 1 | Dimitrije [I] Димитрије (I) Demetrius (I) | | Dimitrije Pavlović Димитрије Павловић | 12 September 1920 | 6 April 1930 | Požarevac,Principality of Serbia | First Patriarch of the reunified Serbian church |
| 2 | Varnava [I] Варнава (I) Barnabas (I) |  | Petar Rosić Петар Росић | 12 May 1930 | 23 July 1937 | Pljevlja,Ottoman Empire | Some believe he may have been poisoned |
| 3 | Gavrilo [V] Гaврилo (V) Gabriel (V) | .jpg) | Gavrilo Dožić Гaврилo Дoжић | 21 February 1938 | 7 May 1950 | Vrujci,Principality of Montenegro | Known unofficially asGavrilo V Dožić-Medenica |
| 4 | Vikentije [II] Викентије (II) Vicentius (II) |  | Vitomir Prodanov Витомир Проданов | 1 July 1950 | 5 July 1958 | Bačko Petrovo Selo,Austria-Hungary | Not known as Vikentije II but entered just as Vikentije. Some believe he may have been second poisoned Patriarch |
| 5 | German [I] Герман (I) Herman (I) | .JPG) | Hranislav Đorić Хранислав Ђорић | 14 September 1958 | 30 November 1990 | Jošanička Banja,Kingdom of Serbia | Longest reigning Patriarch and only retired Patriarch during his life |
| 6 | Pavle [II] Павле (II) Paul (II) |  | Gojko Stojčević Гојко Стојчевић | 1 December 1990 | 15 November 2009 | Kućanci,Austria-Hungary | Not known as Pavle II but entered just as Pavle |
| 7 | Irinej [I] Иринеј (I) Irenaeus (I) |  | Miroslav Gavrilović Мирослав Гавриловић | 23 January 2010 | 20 November 2020 | Vidova,Kingdom of Yugoslavia | |
| 8 | Porfirije [I] Порфирије (I) Porphyrius (I) | .jpg) | Prvoslav Perić Првослав Перић | 19 February 2021 | Incumbent | Bečej,SFR Yugoslavia | |