| Araona | |
|---|---|
| alaōna | |
| Pronunciation | [aɽaoːna] |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | La Paz Department (Bolivia) |
| Ethnicity | Araona |
Native speakers | 110 (2006)[1] |
Pano–Tacanan
| |
| Latin | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Bolivia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aro |
| Glottolog | arao1248 |
| ELP | Araona |
Araona orCavina is an indigenous language spoken by theSouth AmericaAraona people; about 90% of the 90 Araona people are fluent (W. Adelaar). Use of the language amongst the tribe is considered vigorous althoughSpanish knowledge is increasing. The Araonans live in the headwaters of the Manupari river in northwestBolivia. Their language has a dictionary and portions of theBible have been translated into Araona.
Capachene and Machui are dialects of either Araona or ofCavineña.
The Araona people and their language were long ignored in the written, European-based historical traditions, long after theConquest of the Americas and what is now Bolivia. The first written historical mention of the Araona people and their language comes from the Franciscan missionaries Manuel Mancini and Fidel Codenach in the late 1800s, were unable to found any sort of mission in this area of the La Paz department because of the conditions on the ground. The Araona were the most populous ethnic group in the region of Colonia Nacional, and were one of the many indigenous groups who were displaced from their villages and used as slaves for the rubber industry at the end of the 19th century. Those who managed to survive and escape from servitude went on to establish themselves in various settlements in the area between the Manorimi and Monopare Rivers. In 1965, Protestant Evangelical activists and missionaries from theSIL International created a permanent settlement and cooperated with the Araona communities to establish links with other indigenous groups.
The Araonaphonemic inventory consists of four vowels (/a/,/e/,/i/,/o/), and 19 consonants.[2][3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | plain | labial | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) ⟨n⟩ | |||||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | t͡s ⟨ts⟩ | t͡ɕ ⟨ch⟩ | k | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | ʔ ⟨’⟩ |
| voiced | b ~ᵐb ⟨b⟩ | d ~ⁿd ⟨d⟩ | dʲ ⟨dy⟩ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ç ⟨sh⟩ | h | ||||
| voiced | z | |||||||
| Approximant | l ~ɽ ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w | |||||
Like other Tacanan languages, Araona has fourperiodic tense markers: diurnal-tseiñe, nocturnal-sisa, auroral-huena and vesperal-niapona, with cognates inCavineña[4]
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