Arab studies orArabic studies is anacademic discipline centered on the study ofArabs andArab World. It consists of several disciplines such asanthropology,sociology,linguistics,historiography,archaeology,cultural studies,economics,geography,international relations,law,literature,philosophy,psychology,political science, andpublic administration.[1][2][3] The field draws from oldArabic chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Arabs from explorers andgeographers in theArab World (Middle East-North Africa).[4][5][6]
Arab studies talk about the history of the Middle East and North Africa, before therise of Islam to the present time. Covering a wide range of topics, such asmethods, approaches,colonial history,gender,environmental and legal dimensions. It depends on thepolitical,economic,social andcultural history of the region.
Arabic is a language spoken by more than 422 million people from theocean to theGulf, as the Arabs say.[7][8] This includesMorocco,Mauritania andWestern Sahara in the west, and extends toIraq, theGulf states andSomalia in the east. The official language of 26 countries, one of the sixofficial languages of the United Nations. It is also the sacred language of over 1.7 billionMuslims around the world,[9][10][11] and the language written by some of the greatest works of literature, science and history in theworld.[12] According to the teachings ofIslam,classical Arabic is the language in whichGod chose to speak to mankind throughMuhammad in the seventh century of theChristian era. It is the language of theQuran, theholy book of Islam. This is the language of Islamic and classical texts.[13]Modern Arabic is the language ofbooks, news broadcasts,poetry andpolitical speeches throughout the Arab world,[13] a language that every child in primary school learns to read and write, a diverse language ofArabic poetic traditions, the precise language of theologians and theologians of the Internet. Knowledge of Arabic provides an opportunity to connect with people throughout theMiddle East, providing access to the richness and passion of the contemporary Arab world. Arabic is a way to explore nearly 14 centuries of one of the most sophisticated, diverse, and rich intellectual traditions in the world.[14][15]
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Themes within Arab studies include:
Culture andsociety in the Arab world, fromstructures,institutions,art,poetry,letters,practices, and definitions ofidentity, based onanthropology,sociology,literature andreligious studies.
Development andpolitical economy in the Arab world, focusing on economic and social development,education,humanitarian aid, and gender and environmental dimensions of development. This concentration is based on economic history, political economy, sociology and politics.
Contemporary political developments in the Arab world and the Middle East. The program covers the study of domineering,nationalism, local institutions, politics, war, peacemaking, identity, security policies and environmental security. It relies on comparative policies,international relations,history,science, political economy and development.
To understand the history of Arabs provides the indispensable basis to understand all aspects of Arabs and its culture. Themes of special interest are:
Kalam (علم الكلام) is one of the "religious sciences" of Islam.[16] InArabic, the word means "discussion" and refers to the Arabic tradition of seeking theological principles throughdialectic. A scholar ofkalam is referred to as amutakallim.
Arabic philosophy is a part of Arab studies. It is a longstanding attempt to create harmony betweenfaith, reason orphilosophy, and the religious teachings of Arabs. A Muslim engaged in this field is called anArab philosopher. It is divided in fields like:
Arabic science isscience in the context of traditional ideas ofArabs, including itsethics and prohibitions. An Arab engaged in this field is called aMuslim scientist. This is not the same as science as conducted by anyMuslim in a secular context.
Arabic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved withinArab culture in the course of thehistory of Arabs. Hence the term encompasses religious buildings as well as secular ones, historic as well as modern expressions and the production of all places that have come under the varying levels of Islamic influence.
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