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Apollo 11 goodwill messages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Statements left on the Moon in 1969 by the Apollo 11 astronauts

The silicon disc with goodwill messages left on the Moon by Apollo 11 astronauts

TheApollo 11 goodwill messages are statements from leaders of 73 countries around the world on a disc about the size of a50-cent piece made ofsilicon that was left on theMoon in 1969 by theApollo 11 astronauts.

The disc also carried names of the leadership of theCongress, the four committees of the House and Senate responsible for legislation related to theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and NASA's top management, including past administrators and deputy administrators.

At the top of the disc is the inscription: "Goodwill messages from around the world brought to the Moon by the astronauts of Apollo 11." Around the rim is the statement: "From Planet Earth – July 1969". The collected letters were given to the GCA Corp in Burlington MA which used a reduction camera to make a negative photomask containing all the letters plus an inscription around its edge at its final size. This mask was given toSprague Electric Company ofNorth Adams, Massachusetts which imaged it onto a silicon wafer and etched the pattern into the wafer. NASA headThomas O. Paine proposed the idea to the U.S. State Department, and corresponded with world leaders to solicit their messages. These were enshrined by being photographed and reduced to 1/200 scaleultra microfiche silicon etching. The disc rests in an aluminum case on the Moon'sSea of Tranquility.[1]

The disc was in a package inBuzz Aldrin's suit shoulder pocket along with some other memorial items. He was reminded about the package byNeil Armstrong while ascending the ladder of theLunar ModuleEagle to finish theirEVA. He then dropped it to the surface.[2] Later Houston requested and received confirmation they had placed it.[3]

Part of a series on
Apollo 11





Countries represented in the messages

[edit]
StateSigned by
AfghanistanMohammed Zahir Shah
King of Afghanistan
ArgentinaJuan Carlos Onganía
President of Argentina
AustraliaJohn Gorton
Prime Minister of Australia
BelgiumBaudouin I
King of the Belgians
BrazilArtur da Costa e Silva
President of Brazil
CanadaPierre Trudeau
Prime Minister of Canada
ChadFrançois Tombalbaye
President of Chad
ChileEduardo Frei Montalva
President of Chile
China[a]Chiang Kai-shek
President of China
ColombiaCarlos Lleras Restrepo
President of Colombia
Congo-KinshasaJoseph-Desiré Mobutu
President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Costa RicaJosé Joaquín Trejos Fernández
President of Costa Rica
CyprusMakarios III
President of Cyprus
DahomeyÉmile Derlin Zinsou
President of Dahomey
DenmarkFrederik IX
King of Denmark
Dominican RepublicJoaquin Balaguer
President of the Dominican Republic
EcuadorJosé María Velasco Ibarra
President of Ecuador
Estonia[b]Ernst Jaakson
Consul General of Estonia to the United States
EthiopiaHaile Selassie I
Emperor of Ethiopia
GhanaAkwasi Afrifa
Head of state of Ghana
GreeceGeorgios Zoitakis
Regent of Greece[c]
GuyanaForbes Burnham
Prime Minister of Guyana
IcelandKristjan Eldjarn
President of Iceland
IndiaIndira Gandhi
Prime Minister of India
IranMohammad Reza Pahlavi
Shah of Iran[4]
IrelandÉamon de Valera
President of Ireland
IsraelZalman Shazar
President of Israel
ItalyGiuseppe Saragat
President of Italy
Ivory CoastFélix Houphouët-Boigny
President of Ivory Coast
JamaicaHugh Shearer
Prime Minister of Jamaica
JapanEisaku Satō
Prime Minister of Japan
KenyaJomo Kenyatta
President of Kenya
LaosSisavang Vatthana
King of Laos
Latvia[b]Anatols Dinbergs
Ambassador of Latvia to the United States
LebanonCharles Helou
President of Lebanon
LesothoLeabua Jonathan
Prime Minister of Lesotho
LiberiaWilliam Tubman
President of Liberia
MadagascarPhilibert Tsiranana
President of Madagascar
MalaysiaUnknown; the message is not signed.[d]
MaldivesUnknown; the message is not signed.[e]
MaliMoussa Traoré
President of Mali
MaltaGiorgio Borg Olivier
Prime Minister of Malta
MauritiusSeewoosagur Ramgoolam
Prime Minister of Mauritius
MexicoGustavo Díaz Ordaz
President of Mexico
MoroccoHassan II
King of Morocco
NetherlandsJuliana
Queen of the Netherlands
New ZealandKeith Holyoake
Prime Minister of New Zealand
NicaraguaAnastasio Somoza Debayle
President of Nicaragua
NorwayOlav V
King of Norway
PakistanYahya Khan
President of Pakistan
PanamaBolívar Urrutia Parrilla
President of Panama
PeruJuan Velasco Alvarado
President of Peru
PhilippinesFerdinand Marcos
President of the Philippines
Polish People's RepublicJerzy Michałowski [pl]
Ambassador of Poland to the United States
PortugalAmérico Tomás
President of Portugal
RomaniaNicolae Ceaușescu
President of the State Council of Romania andGeneral Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party
SenegalLéopold Sédar Senghor
President of Senegal
Sierra LeoneSiaka Stevens
Prime Minister of Sierra Leone
South AfricaJacobus Johannes Fouché
State President of South Africa
South KoreaPark Chung Hee
President of the Republic of Korea
South VietnamNguyễn Văn Thiệu
President of the Republic of Vietnam
SwazilandSobhuza II
King of Swaziland
ThailandUnknown; the message is not signed.[f]
TogoGnassingbé Eyadéma
President of Togo
Trinidad and TobagoEric Williams
Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
TunisiaHabib Bourguiba
President of Tunisia
TurkeyCevdet Sunay
President of Turkey
United KingdomElizabeth II
Queen of the United Kingdom[g]
Upper VoltaSangoulé Lamizana
President of Upper Volta
UruguayJorge Pacheco Areco
President of Uruguay
Vatican CityPope Paul VI
Sovereign of the Vatican City State
YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito
President of Yugoslavia
ZambiaKenneth Kaunda
President of Zambia
  1. ^The U.S. maintained relations with the Republic of China as "China" instead of thePeople's Republic of China.
  2. ^abThe US government did not recognize the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states.
  3. ^Regent for KingConstantine II
  4. ^Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah wasYang di-Pertuan Agong andTunku Abdul Rahman wasPrime Minister of Malaysia at the time.
  5. ^Ibrahim Nasir wasPresident of the Maldives at the time.
  6. ^Bhumibol Adulyadej wasKing of Thailand andThanom Kittikachorn wasPrime Minister of Thailand at the time.
  7. ^Also as Queen ofAustralia,Barbados,Canada,Ceylon,Fiji,the Gambia,Guyana,Jamaica,Malta,Mauritius,New Zealand,Rhodesia,Sierra Leone andTrinidad and Tobago.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages"(PDF).NASA. July 13, 1969.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 19, 2022. RetrievedJune 12, 2024.
  2. ^Jones, Eric M. (November 12, 2017)."Apollo 11 Surface Journal:EASEP Deployment and Closeout". NASA. Event occurs at 111:36:38. RetrievedJuly 8, 2019.
  3. ^Jones, Eric M. (October 28, 2017)."Apollo 11 Surface Journal:Trying to Rest". NASA. Event occurs at 114:52:28. RetrievedJuly 8, 2019.
  4. ^Rahman, Tahir (2008).We came in peace for all mankind : the untold story of the Apollo 11 silicon disk (1st ed.). Overland Park, Kan.: Leathers Pub.ISBN 9781585974412.

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