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| Prince Anurak Devesh | |
 Portrait at Wat Amarindraram | |
| Deputy Viceroy of Siam | |
| Tenure | c. 1782 – 20 December 1806 |
| Appointer | Phutthayotfachulalok (Rama I) |
| Predecessor | Borommakot (Phon)(as Deputy Viceroy ofAyutthaya) |
| Successor | Title abolished |
| Viceroy | Maha Sura Singhanat |
| Born | (1746-03-28)28 March 1746 Ayutthaya Kingdom |
| Died | 20 December 1806(1806-12-20) (aged 60) Bangkok,Siam |
| Spouse | Thongyu |
| Issue | 35 sons and daughters with various consorts |
| House | Chakri dynasty |
| Father | Phra Intraraksa (Seam) |
| Mother | Thepsuthavadi |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Somdet Phra Chao Lan Ther Chaofa Thong-In Krom Phra Rajawang Boworn Sathan Phimuk (Thai:สมเด็จพระเจ้าหลานเธอ เจ้าฟ้าทองอิน กรมพระราชวังบวรสถานภิมุข, lit:His Royal Highness Prince Thong-In, the Deputy Viceroy of Siam) (28 March 1746 – 20 December 1806) was aSiamese prince and military leader. A nephew of KingPhutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) the founder of theChakri dynasty, he was appointedDeputy Viceroy orRear Palace, the 3rd highest position in the kingdom. Becoming the only person to hold that title during theRattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932).
Thong-In (ทองอิน) was born on 28 March 1746 to anAyutthayan aristocrat Phra Intraraksa (Seam) and Sa (later Princess SisterThepsuthavadi; the eldest child of Thongdee and Daoreung). Sa was also the elder sister of Thong Duang, later Chao Phraya Chakri and in 1782 King Phutthayotfa Chulalok. Thong-In was the eldest child and has two younger brothers and a sister.
For a time Thong-In served in the Army under KingTaksin ofThonburi as Luang Ritnaiwair (หลวงฤทธิ์นายเวร). In 1780 he was raised to the rank of Phraya Suriyaphai (พระยาสุริยอภัย) and was appointed governor ofNakhon Ratchasima.
When his uncle ascended to the throne as King of the new Rattanakosin Kingdom in 1782, he elevated his nephew to the rank ofChaofa (most senior rank of Prince). Soon he was appointed to the title ofKrom Phra Rajawang Boworn Sathan Phimuk andRear Palace or Deputy Viceroy (Deputy Uparaja), this meant he was essentially the third most powerful individual in the Kingdom. When the new capital was built atBangkok Prince Anurak Devesh built his residence (Wang Lang) back inThonburi, directly opposite the Front Palace, today the site is now occupied by theSiriraj Hospital.
After becoming the Rear Palace he assisted King Rama I in his fight against KingBodawpaya ofBurma in 1785 during theNine Armies War. During the conflict he personally accompanied the King to recapture the city ofPhitsanulok from the Burmese.
Anurak Devesh died on the 20 December 1806 at the age of 60. After his death King Rama I decided not to appoint anyone to succeed him as Rear Palace and left the office vacant, the tradition was carried by subsequent kings until the official abolishment of the title in 1885 by KingChulalongkorn. Making Anurak Devesh the only Rear Palace of the Chakri Dynasty.
The Prince had 35 children, six borne from his consort Thongyu, others by concubines. Of his six children (borne with Thongyu), the four sons and two daughters received the title ofPhra Ong Chao (the middle rank of Princes). The rest (borne with concubines) received the title ofMom Chao (the most junior rank of Princes), however during the reign of KingMongkut (Rama IV), all 35 children was given the additional title of "Royal Cousins" (พระสัมพันธวงศ์เธอ or Phra Samphan Wong Ther).
Anurak Devesh Born: 28 March 1746 Died: 20 December 1806 | ||
| Thai royalty | ||
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| Vacant Title last held by Borommakot (Phon)ofAyutthaya Kingdom | Deputy Viceroy of Rattanakosin c. 1782 – 20 December 1806 | No successor until 1885 when the title was abolished |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Chao Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima | Governor ofNakhon Ratchasima 1780–1782 | Succeeded by Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima |
Viceroys of theChakri dynasty | ||
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The generations are numbered from the establishment of theChakri dynasty from 1782 | ||||||||||
| Rama I |
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| Rama II |
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| Rama III |
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| Rama IV |
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| Rama VII |
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| Rama VIII |
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| Rama IX |
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| Rama X |
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(  )*Became king**Appointed Viceroy ***Appointed Deputy Viceroy (  )^Appointed Crown PrinceX was degraded from royalty | ||||||||||