InGreek mythology,Anticlea orAnticlia (/ˌæntɪˈkliːə/;Ancient Greek:Ἀντίκλεια, (literally "against fame") was a queen ofIthaca as the wife of KingLaërtes.
Anticlea was the daughter ofAutolycus[1] andAmphithea.[2] Thedivine trickster and messenger of the gods,Hermes, was her paternal grandfather. Anticlea was the mother ofOdysseus[3] byLaërtes[4] (though some say bySisyphus[5]).Ctimene was also her daughter by her husband Laertes.[6]
According toCallimachus, when she was young, Anticlea served the goddessArtemis, and accompanied her in hunting, bearing arrow and quiver.[7]
According to some later sources, including a fragment ofAeschylus' lost tragedyThe Judgment of Arms, Odysseus was the child of Anticlea bySisyphus, not Laërtes. In this version of the story, Autolycus, an infamous trickster, stole Sisyphus' cattle. At some point, Sisyphus recognized his cattle while on a visit to Autolycus and subsequently seduced Anticlea, Autolycus' daughter. Odysseus was the result of this union, which took place before Anticlea's marriage to Laërtes.[5] When Anticlea was brought to a place about theAlalcomeneum inBoeotia, she delivered Odysseus. Later on, her son called the city of Ithaca by the same name, to renew the memory of the place in which he had been born.[8]
In Book XI of theOdyssey, Odysseus makes a trip to theunderworld to seek the advice of the dead prophetTiresias. In the underworld, he encounters many spirits, among them is that of his mother, Anticlea.[9] Initially, he rebuffs her since he is waiting for the prophet to approach.
After speaking with Tiresias, however, Odysseus allows his mother to come near and lets her speak. She asks him why he is in the underworld while alive, and he tells her about his various troubles and failed attempts to get home. Then he asks her how she died and inquires about his family at home. She tells him that she died of grief, longing for him while he was atwar. Anticlea also says that Laërtes (Odysseus' father) "grieves continually" for Odysseus and lives in a hovel in the countryside, clad in rags and sleeping on the floor. Anticlea further describes the condition of Odysseus' wifePenelope and sonTelemachus.
Penelope has not yet remarried but is overwhelmed with sadness and longing for her husband while Telemachus acts as magistrate for Odysseus' properties. Odysseus attempts to embrace his mother three times but discovers that she is incorporeal, and his arms simply pass through her. She explains that this is how all ghosts are, and he expresses great sorrow.
In some accounts, Anticleia killed herself on hearing a false report about her son fromNauplius.[10]
The encounter betweenOdysseus and his mother in theunderworld is also the concept of a work by the Northern Irish poetMichael Longley, titledAnticleia.
