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Anti-communist insurgencies continued in Central and Eastern Europe during and afterWorld War II. They were suppressed by theSoviet Union and itssatellite states. Prominent movements include:
The "cursed soldiers" (Polish: Żołnierze wyklęci) is a name applied to a variety ofPolish resistance movements that were formed in the later stages of World War II and afterward. Created by former members of the Polish underground resistance organizations of World War II, these organizations continued the struggle against the pro-Soviet government of Poland well into the 1950s. Their history and actions have been controversial, as they have been accused of anti-Semitism and mass murder.[4][5]
Most of these anti-communist groups ceased operations in the late 1940s or 1950s. However, the last known "cursed soldier",Józef Franczak, was killed in an ambush as late as 1963, almost 20 years after theSoviet take-over of Poland.[6]
TheForest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; Estonian: metsavennad, Latvian: meža brāļi, Lithuanian: miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who wagedguerrilla warfare against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the threeBaltic states during and after World War II.[7] TheSoviet Army occupied the independent Baltic states in 1940–1941 and, after a period of German occupation, again in 1944–1945. AsStalinist repression intensified over the following years, 50,000 residents of these countries used the heavilyforested countryside as a natural refuge and base for armed anti-Soviet resistance.
Resistance units varied in size and composition, ranging from individually operating guerrillas, armed primarily for self-defense, to large and well-organized groups able to engage significant Soviet forces in battle.
An armed resistance movement against thecommunist government in Romania was active from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, with isolated individual fighters remaining at large until the early 1960s. The groups were concentrated in theCarpathian Mountains, although a resistance movement had also developed inNorthern Dobruja. Armed resistance was the most structured form of resistance against the Romanian government. After the overthrow ofNicolae Ceauşescu in 1989, the details about what was called “anti-communist armed resistance” were made public, thanks to the declassification of theSecuritate archives.[8]
Отдельные очаги сопротивления на Брянщине продолжали партизанскую войну до 1951 года, постепенно вырождаясь в бандгруппы... В бою с одной из таких групп при задержании её главаря был тяжело ранен начальник Комаричского отделения госбезопасности капитан Ковалёв.
Действуя мелкими разрозненными группами, повстанцы, тем не менее, причиняют серьезное беспокойство советским властям. <...> Однако изолированное от внешних сил повстанчество постепенно вырождается в бандитизм. Последняя крупная банда, действовавшая несколько лет, была ликвидирована в 1951 г. в деревне Лагеревка («Финляндия»).
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