TheAnserinae are asubfamily in thewaterfowl familyAnatidae and includes theswan andgeese. Under alternativesystematical concepts (see e.g., Terres & NAS, 1991), it is split into two subfamilies. The Anserinae contains geese and ducks, while the Cygninae contains the swans.
These two genera are distinct from other geese and often elevated to a subfamily of their own (Cereopsinae), or alternatively into theshelduck subfamily Tadorninae:
Some enigmaticsubfossils of very large goose-like birds from theHawaiian Islands do not appear to bemoa-nalos (goose-sizeddabbling ducks) orB. rhuax. They cannot be assigned to any genus living today, though both may be fairly close toBranta:
^abOlson, S.L.; James, H.F. (1991). "Descriptions of thirty two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes".AOU Ornithological Monographs.45:1–88.
Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae".Journal of Zoology.279 (3):310–318.doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.