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 Angola |  Germany |
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Angola–Germany relations are thebilateral relations betweenAngola andGermany. Angola has an embassy inBerlin and Germany has an embassy inLuanda.
Angola was Germany's third most important trading partner insub-Saharan Africa in 2011.[1]
Angola had already been aPortuguese colony since 1483, when theGerman Empire took possession of the southern bordering area asGerman South West Africa in 1884. WhenWorld War I broke out in August 1914, Portugal was initially still neutral and only received a declaration of war from Germany in 1916. As early as December 18, 1914, however, thebattle for Naulila occurred in southern Angola, as the culmination of the GermanSchutztruppe's punitive expedition againstPortuguese West Africa (Angola). This was triggered by the deaths of several German officers and officials who had previously been picked up and escorted by Portuguese military on Angolan territory, dying in the exchange of fire after a series of misunderstandings.[2]
With the end of the German colony of German South West Africa in 1915, over 1,400 Germans emigrated to Angola, mostly working as farmers. These Angola Germans lived mainly in theBenguela region, where there was a German school for a time, and other regions in southern Angola.[2]
After independence and the outbreak of theAngolan Civil War in 1975, most Angola Germans left the country.
At the same time, relations between thePeople's Republic of Angola and theGerman Democratic Republic (GDR) developed amicably until the end of the GDR in 1989. Several thousand contract workers[3] and students from Angola came to the GDR in the process. About 20% of Angola's current leaders in business and politics studied in the GDR.[4]
After the end of the GDR in 1990, the case ofAmadeu Antonio, an Angolan murdered byneo-Nazis inEberswalde, caused an international outcry. Angolans were repeatedly among the victims of the numerous xenophobic attacks that followed.[5]
With the enormous economic development after the end of the Angolan civil war in 2002, German attention for the country then increased again. In 2011, Chancellor Angela Merkel became the first German head of government to visit Angola. The arms deals that were also agreed upon during this visit caused discussion in German politics.[3]
The chancellor came to Angola a second time in February 2020, where she spoke with Angolan PresidentJoão Lourenço about, among other things, the delivery of coast guard boats to theAngolan Armed Forces Navy. An aviation agreement and economic and training agreements were also concluded.[6]
Angola's former PresidentJosé Eduardo dos Santos visited Germany twice, in 1981 (GDR) and in 2009. ChancellorAngela Merkel was the first German head of state to visit Angola in 2011, and she came there for a second time in February 2020.[6]
With the economic upswing after the end of the civil war in 2002, economic relations between Angola and Germany also increased significantly. Angola is now Germany's third most important trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa. Critics criticize the lack of attention paid to corruption and the problematic human rights situation in Angola when it comes to the role of German lenders and arms exports.[6][1]
Some 20 German companies now have their own subsidiaries in Angola, includingBauer,Bosch,Commerzbank,DHL,Siemens, andVolkswagen.[7] Germany'sKrones AG is even virtually unrivaled in the Angolan market for beverage filling equipment, with a 90% share of the market.[4]
In 2021, Germany exported 149 millioneuros worth of goods to Angola and in return imported 3 million euros worth of goods from the country.[8]
Angolan football playerMiguel Pereira (* 1975) played forFC Schalke 04 at the age of 18 and has since been active as a player and coach in Germany.Nando Rafael (* 1984),Narciso Lubasa (* 1989),Joe Vunguidica (* 1990) andDanny da Costa (* 1993) are other German-Angolan football players.
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