Ananeugen is a substance that causes a daughter cell to have an abnormal number of chromosomes oraneuploidy. A substance'saneugenicity reflects its ability to induce aneuploidy.[1] Unlikeclastogens, aneugenic events do not damage the physical structure of the chromosome, but represent a deletion or insertion of an additional copy of a whole chromosome (i.e. with an intactCentromere). Aneugens and clastogens can be differentiated via certain stains, using the technique ofFluorescence in situ hybridization.
Males, if exposed to certain environmental and/or occupational chemical hazards may face an increased risk ofspermatozoaaneuploidy.[2] Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that cause DNA damage (seeTobacco smoking#Health).[3] Smoking also can induceaneuploidy. In this study of men with a moderate smoking habit showed an association with increased chromosome 13disomy in spermatozoa by 3-fold[4] andYY disomy by 2-fold.[5]
Occupational exposure to benzene is associated with a 2.8-fold increase ofXX disomy and a 2.6-fold increase of YY disomy in spermatozoa.[6]
Pesticides are released to the environment in large quantities so that most individuals have some degree of exposure. Theinsecticidesfenvalerate andcarbaryl have been reported to increase spermatozoa aneuploidy. Occupational exposure of pesticide factory workers to fenvalerate is associated with increased spermatozoa DNA damage.[7] Exposure to fenvalerate raised sex chromosome disomy 1.9-fold and disomy of chromosome 18 by 2.6-fold (Xia et al., 2004). Exposure of male workers to carbaryl increased DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa, and also increased sex chromosome disomy by 1.7-fold and chromosome 18 disomy by 2.2-fold.[8]
Humans are exposed toperfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in many commercial products.[9] Men contaminated with PFCs in whole blood or seminal plasma have spermatozoa with increased levels of DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aneuploidies.[9]
^Humans, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to (2012),"TOBACCO SMOKING",Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions, International Agency for Research on Cancer, retrieved2024-02-16
^Shi Q, Ko E, Barclay L, Hoang T, Rademaker A, Martin R (2001). "Cigarette smoking and aneuploidy in human sperm".Mol. Reprod. Dev.59 (4):417–21.doi:10.1002/mrd.1048.PMID11468778.S2CID35230655.
