Andriy Livytskyi | |
|---|---|
Андрій Лівицький | |
 Livytskyi in 1937 | |
| 1stPresident of Ukraine in exile | |
| In office 16 July 1948 – 17 January 1954 | |
| Preceded by | position created |
| Succeeded by | Stepan Vytvytskyi |
| 3rd Chairman of theDirectory | |
| In office May 1926 – 16 July 1948 | |
| Preceded by | Symon Petliura |
| Succeeded by | position reformed (as President of Republic) |
| Prime Minister of UPR | |
| In office 1922–1926 | |
| President | Directoria |
| Preceded by | Pylyp Pylypchuk [uk] |
| Succeeded by | Vyacheslav Prokopovych |
| Prime Minister of UPR | |
| In office 14 October 1920 – 18 November 1920 | |
| President | Directoria |
| Preceded by | Vyacheslav Prokopovych |
| Succeeded by | Pylyp Pylypchuk |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytskyi (1879-04-09)9 April 1879 Krasnyi Kut, near Liplyave,Poltava Governorate,Russian Empire (nowUkraine) |
| Died | 17 January 1954(1954-01-17) (aged 74) Karlsruhe,West Germany |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
| Spouse | Mariya Livytska[1] |
| Children | Natalia andMykola |
Andriy Mykolaiovych Livytskyi (Ukrainian:Андрій Миколайович Лівицький,romanized: Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytskyi; 9 April 1879[2] – 17 January 1954[3]) was aUkrainianpolitician,diplomat,statesman, andlawyer.
He waspresident of theUkrainian People's Republic in exile (1948–1954) and the Chairman of the Directory prior to reforming that office into the presidential.
Andriy Livytskyi was born on 9 April 1879 in Lyplyavo (at the time part of theRussian Empire) into an oldCossack family.[4] He finished theGymnasium of Pavlo Halahana inKyiv, and later went on to study at the mathematical and juridical faculties of theSt. Volodymyr Kyiv University in 1896.[5] In 1897 and 1899 he was held in theLukyanivska Prison in Kyiv for participation in protests.[6] He was expelled from the university and exiled to Poltava Governorate under the secret surveillance of police for taking part in the student's strike of 1899.[7] After obtaining his university diploma in 1903, he served in theLubny Circuit Court,[8] and then, since 1905, he was a barrister of theKharkiv Court Chamber, and in 1913–1917 an elected judge ofZolotonoshauezd in thePoltava Governorate.[9] In his studential years, he took part in the Ukrainian independence movement, heading one of the organization's bases in Kyiv.
From 1901, he belonged to theRevolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), heading its regional headquarters inLubny.[10] He was jailed once again in connections to the revolutionary activities of 1906 and after escaping was imprisoned again in 1907.[11] Since 1917, Livytskyi was a member of theCentral Rada and thePeasant Union (Ukraine). In the period of theHetmanate (1918), he was a member of the Ukrainian National Union, in opposition to the government ofPavlo Skoropadskyi. Later during the time of theDirectorate of Ukraine, he was one of the founders of theLabour Council of Ukraine - the highest governing body of Ukraine. Livytskyi also held positions as the Minister of Justice and the deputy of theRada of National Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) in 1919, as well as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the government ofIsaak Mazepa in 1919. From 14 October to 18 November 1920 he served as thePrime Minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Since October 1919, he was in the Ukrainian delegation toWarsaw, where he was working on the formation of the Ukrainian-Polish agreement, which was signed in 1920. After the defeat of the Ukrainian national movement for independence, he was forced to emigrate. From 1920 to 1948, he served as the head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) in exile. AfterSymon Petliura's assassination, he became the head of the Directorate of Ukraine and assumed the post of theChiefOtaman of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in exile in 1926.
Since that time to the time of his death, Livytskyi served as the head of state for the government of the UPR. He lived in Warsaw under constant watch of thePolish police. DuringWorld War II, Livytskyi cooperated with the Germans, joining theUkrainian National Committee in 1945. After the war,he sought to consolidate his political activities and reorganize the government of the UPR in exile. Its first session was opened on 16 July 1948 inAugsburg, Germany. In cooperation with Isaak Mazepa, he created theUkrainian National Rada in exile in 1948 and became the First President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile.
He died on 17 January 1954 inKarlsruhe, West Germany, and was later buried in the Waldfriedhof Cemetery inMunich and later his ashes were transferred to Ukrainian Memorial Cemetery inBound Brook in the vicinity ofNew York City, United States.[3]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by introduced | President of Ukraine in exile 1948–1954 | Succeeded by |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by | Chief ofGeneral Bulawa ChiefOtaman 1926–1954 | Succeeded by position liquidated |
| Ukraine (1917–1920) | Valentyn Sadovskyi(court affairs) •Serhiy Shelukhin(court affairs) •Mykhailo Chubynskyi •Oleksiy Romanov •Andriy Viazlov •Viktor Reinbot •Serhiy Shelukhin(acting) •Viktor Prykhodko •Hryhoriy Syrotenko •Dmytro Markovych •Andriy Livytskyi |  |
|---|---|---|
| West Ukraine (1918–1919) | ||
| Soviet Ukraine (1918–1991) | Aleksandr Khmelnitskiy •Mykhailo Lebedynets •Yevhen Terletskyi •Sergei Buzdalin •Mikhail Vetoshkin •Mykola Skrypnyk •Vasyl Poraiko •Vasiliy Polyakov •Mykhailo Mykhailyk •Arkadiy Kiselyov •Khoma Radchenko •Mykola Babchenko •Denys Panasyuk •Fedir Hlukh •Kateryna Zghurska •Volodymyr Zaichuk •Vitaliy Boiko | |
| Ukraine | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
