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.jpg) The Anchor Brewing Company building on Potrero Hill in 2020 | |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Alcoholic beverages |
| Founded | 1896; 129 years ago (1896) |
| Founder |
|
| Defunct | 2023 (2023) |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people |
|
| Products | Beer |
Production output | 132,000barrels (2013)[1] |
| Parent | Shepherd Futures, |
| Website | anchorbrewing |
Anchor Brewing Company was abrewery onPotrero Hill inSan Francisco, California. Founded in 1896, the brewery underwent several changes in location and ownership throughout its history. After years of declining sales due to competition with larger breweries, Anchor was purchased byFrederick Louis “Fritz” Maytag III in 1965, preventing its closure.[2] The brewery operated at its Potrero Hill location from 1979 and was one of the last remaining producers ofsteam beer, a variety of beertrademarked by the company.[2]
In 2010, the company was purchased by The Griffin Group, an investment and consulting company focused on alcohol brands, and became part ofAnchor Brewers & Distillers, LLC.[3][4]
In 2017, the company was acquired bySapporo Breweries for US$85 million.[5][6] Sapporo's ownership oversaw significant declines in revenue for the brewery, and in 2023, Anchor Brewing ceased operations, with plans to liquidate the business.[7] In July 2023, Anchor Brewing closed, and its workers attempted to buy out the firm as aworker-owned cooperative.[8] Instead, on May 31, 2024,Chobani CEOHamdi Ulukaya announced that he was buying the company and its associated assets. He said that he planned to restart the company and keep its operations in San Francisco.[9]
The brewery that would become Anchor was built during theCalifornia Gold Rush when Gottlieb Brekle arrived from Germany and began brewing steam beer in San Francisco. In 1896, Ernst F. Baruth and his son-in-law, Otto Schinkel Jr., bought the old brewery, creating Anchor Brewing.[10] This original location was completely destroyed in the fires that engulfed San Francisco following the1906 earthquake. It was rebuilt at a different location in 1907. After the deaths of Baruth and Schinkel, the brewery was run by Joseph Kraus and August Meyer untilProhibition forced the brewery to shut down. There is no record of what Anchor did during Prohibition, but it resumed operations at a new location once Prohibition in California came to an end in 1933.[11] However, the new location burned down in 1944, with Kraus reopening Anchor at another location the same year.
The brewery continued operations through the 1950s, but suffered heavily from the country's increasingly strong preference for beers produced by mega-breweries.[12] While there had been more than 4,000 breweries at the turn of the twentieth century, shifts in the industry due to Prohibition and the consolidation of brewing companies meant that only 70 remained by the 1960s.[13] As a result of declining sales, Anchor shut down in 1959, but was bought and reopened the following year at a new location by Lawrence Steese.[14]
By 1965, the brewery was once again suffering from poor sales. The quality of Anchor's beer had deteriorated under Steese due to a lack of expertise, lack of proper equipment, and poor sanitation standards, which prevented the consistent production of a commercially viable product. The brewery gained a reputation for producing sour beer, and convincing existing distributors to continue to sell the beer became a challenge.[15]
In 1965,Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III bought the brewery, saving it from closure.[16] Maytag purchased 51% of the brewery for a few thousand dollars, and purchased the brewery outright in 1969.[17] By 1971, the brewery began to bottle steam beer (along with other varieties of beer, most notably a Christmas ale) under Maytag's direction. He purchased an old coffee roastery onPotrero Hill to serve as Anchor's new location in 1979. This building serves as the current location of the brewery.[18][19]
Turning the failing brewery around required more money than Maytag had from his inherited fortune from theMaytag Company. Between the initial purchase of Anchor and producing the first batches of bottled beer in 1971, Maytag had to learn the brewing process from scratch, invest in new equipment, and improve sanitation in the brewing process.[15] The result was a new beer that was a definitive representative ofCalifornia common beer, but a derivative to the historicsteam beer manufactured by Anchor through the previous century.[20]
Before offering in bottles, sales were only as draft beer to thirty local establishments that had long carried the brand. Total production was only 800 barrels in 1969, 1,200 in 1970, and 2,100 in 1971.[21] The bottles were initially sold in four-packs, to keep the price close to mainstream six-packs.[22]
Due to its sale at many local establishments, Anchor's steam beer was well known in the San Francisco area, having a reputation of local importance that grew under Maytag's ownership. In 1977,Arnold Schwarzenegger portrayed an Anchor Brewing employee in an episode ofStreets of San Francisco, with Fritz Maytag making a cameo as another employee.During the 1980s, Anchor's Steam Beer began to gain national attention and demand increased. Anchor ultimately served as an early example of amicrobrewery, being among the first American breweries to produceporters,barley wine, andIndia pale ales with regularity. Its success both regionally and nationally inspired others to enter the brewing business,[13] notablyNew Albion.[23]
In 1989, the company produced a limited beer named Ninkasi, based on a 4000-year-oldSumerian recipe found in an ode to the Sumerian goddess of beer known as the “Hymn to Ninkasi.”[24] The recipe started with a twice-baked bread known asbappir as well as malt and was sweetened with honey and dates. It did not include hops or other bittering ingredients, making it considerably sweeter than modern beers.[25] The recipe is described byCharlie Papazian.[26] Also in 1989, the brewing process for a batch of beer was interrupted during theLoma Prieta earthquake. The resulting (altered) brew was released as normal Anchor Steam, but with an inverted label; this beer has come to be referred to asEarthquake Beer.[27]
In 1993, the company opened Anchor Distillery, amicrodistillery in the same location as the brewery, and began making asingle maltrye whiskey, namedOld Potrero, after the hill on which the brewery stands. In 1997, the microdistillery began producing agin, calledJunípero—Spanish forjuniper, and a reference to Fr.Junípero Serra, an important figure in San Francisco's andCalifornia's history. The distillery also produces aJenever style gin called Genevieve, using wheat, barley, rye, and the same herbal ingredients as their Junípero gin.
In 2010, Maytag sold the company to formerSkyy vodka executives Keith Greggor and Tony Foglio, from Novato, California, who planned to expand Anchor's business while keeping its commitment to artisan brewing.[13] In 2013, the brewery launched Anchor California Lager, a re-creation of a historic Boca Brewing lager from the 1870s.[28] The brewery also announced a major expansion plan at Pier 48 in the Mission Rock neighborhood nearOracle Park,[29] which would expand Anchor's maximum annual production capacity from 180,000 barrels to 680,000 barrels.[29]
In 2014, Anchor officially announced Anchor IPA,[30] the firstIndia Pale Ale in the brewery's history.[1] Anchor ended production of its winter seasonal Bock in 2014[31] and replaced it a year later with Anchor Winter Wheat.[32]
In 2017, Anchor was purchased by Sapporo for $85 million.[33][34] Working conditions and pay at Anchor had been in a state of decline since Maytag had sold the company, and this trend continued under Sapporo's ownership despite the company's larger holdings. This led to further dissatisfaction among the brewery's workers. In 2018, several workers at Anchor, among themBrace Belden, formed an organizing committee and coordinated with theDSA chapter in San Francisco to develop a plan for unionization with theInternational Longshore and Warehouse Union. The unionization efforts were overwhelmingly supported by local bars which served Anchor Steam Beer in the city.[35]
In 2019, Anchor Brewing workers voted by an almost 2-to-1 margin to join the International Longshore and Warehouse Union making Anchor Brewing – including Anchor Public Taps, the brewery's on-site brew pub – the first unionized craft brewery in the United States.[36] The three-year union contract was officially ratified in 2020, providing workers with increased wages, health insurance, and other benefits.[37]
In 2021, Anchor Brewing announced a major makeover of their logo and beer labels. On the eve of their 125th birthday, the brewery replaced their vintage-looking labels with a large Anchor logo in a two-tone color schemes per beer.[38] Most labels were not changed in decades or at all. The design change was met with criticism by consumers.[39]
In 2023, union efforts to renew the existing contract were stalled, with Sapporo delaying negotiations.[40] Soon after, Anchor announced it would no longer distribute nationally and would cease production of its signature Christmas Ale.[41]
On July 12, 2023, Sapporo announced it was ceasing operations at Anchor and liquidating the business. Sapporo blamed the closure on decreased sales at restaurants and bars caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic, competition from other local brewers, and a shift in consumer preferences to alcoholic beverages other than beer.[42][43][44] Employees were given a 60-dayWARN notice on July 12.[45][46] The announcement led to significant outrage from brewery workers, San Francisco bartenders, and locals, with passing drivers chanting "keep brewing" outside the building.[47]
A spokesman for Sapporo quoted by theNew York Times said that the firm sought a buyer for Anchor before announcing that the brewery would close, and that it was still possible one might emerge.[43] To liquidate Anchor, Sapporo has elected to enter into an alternative to the traditional bankruptcy process known as "Assignments for the Benefit of Creditors".[48] Through the process, an "assignee" other than Sapporo will assume stewardship of Anchor and consider bids for the company's assets. Through this process, a new owner might emerge.[49]
In July 2023, Anchor Brewing closed, and its workers attempted to buy out the firm as aworker-owned cooperative.[8] Instead, the founder and CEO ofChobani bought out the company in 2024, with the intention of restarting its operations.[50]
On May 31, 2024, it was announced that the brewery would be purchased by the founder of Chobani and re-opened.[51] In February 2025, the new ownership group received the Alcoholic Beverage Control permit required to brew, import, and wholesale beer, as well as import and wholesale wine and spirits. However, one year after the announcement, no additional action had been taken.[52]
Anchor had a year-round range of seven beers, as well as severalseasonal beers.[53] In 2012, Anchor introduced the Zymaster series, which placed an emphasis on brewing tradition.[54] These beers were generally of an extremely limited nature.
| Name | Alcohol by volume | Style | First brewed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anchor Steam[2] | 4.8% | Steam beer | 1896 |
| Anchor Small | 3.3% | Small beer | 1997 (Retired) |
| Liberty Ale[2] | 5.9% | American pale ale | 1975 |
| Anchor Porter | 5.6% | Porter | 1972 |
| Old Foghorn | 8–10% | Barley wine | 1975 |
| Brekle's Brown | 6.0% | Brown ale | 2010 (Retired) |
| Anchor California Lager | 4.9% | American lager | 2012 |
| Humming Ale | 5.9% | Export ale | 2009 (Retired) |
| Anchor IPA | 6.5% | India pale ale | 2013 |
| Our Barrel Ale[55] | 6.5% | Barrel-aged beer | 2009 |
| Name | Alcohol by volume | Style | Availability | First brewed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter Wheat | 7% | Wheat beer | November–January | 2015 (Retired) |
| Saison | 7.2% | Saison | February–April | 2014 (Retired) |
| Summer Wheat | 4.5% | Wheat beer | May–July | 1984 (Retired) |
| BigLeaf Maple Autumn Red | 6% | Red ale | August–October | 2013 (Retired) |
| Christmas Ale (a.k.a. Our Special Ale) | 5–7% | Christmas beer | November–February | 1975 (Retired) |
Anchor Brewing has been a San Francisco staple since 1896, surviving earthquakes, prohibition and tech booms and busts. But on Thursday, the brewer announced it will be a San Francisco company no longer after a sale to Japan's Sapporo Holdings Ltd. Exact terms of the deal were not disclosed, but a spokesman for Sapporo said the price was approximately $85 million. The deal marks the latest California brewery to be acquired by a larger beer maker. It comes amid rising competition among craft breweries — a sector of the beer industry that Anchor has been credited, by some, for helping inspire.
On March 13, Anchor employees voted 31–16 to join the International Longshore and Warehouse Union in the first known unionization among craft brewers.
