In ancient times, Anapa was the site of a major seaport and a capital of theSindi people. In the 6th century BCE, it was settled by Greeks, who called itGorgippia. In later centuries, the settlement came under the control ofGenoa and then theOttoman Empire. In 1781, a fortress was constructed there, which became the site of multiple sieges during theRusso-Turkish wars. It was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1829, after several occupations.
The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital ofSindica. The colony of Gorgippia (Greek:Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE byPontic Greeks, who named it after a king of theCimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of theBosporan Kingdom, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at theRussian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian orAdyghe origin (specifically of theNatkhuay tribe[citation needed]), gave Anapa its modern name.
Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including theSarmatians,Ostrogoths,Huns,Avars,Gokturks,Khazars,Tatars andCircassians who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by theGenoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. In 1781, during the reign ofAbdul Hamid I, French engineers built a fortress at Anapa for the Ottomans.[11] The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). SeeRussian conquest of the Caucasus § Black Sea Coast. It was included inBlack Sea Okrug ofKuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.[3]
The town boasts a number ofsanatoria and hotels. Anapa is served by theAnapa Airport. Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow orKrasnodar.
Transportation facilities include an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships,[12] theAnapa Airport, a railway station, a bus station, and a network of highways.[13][14]
The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center.[22] There are twenty-nine public libraries, including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 rubles; in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.[23]
The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fortAnonymous ruler of the city of Gorgippia (Anapa) in theBosporan Kingdom, c. 180 AD, during the period ofRoman Crimea. Or alternatively the Roman Emperor at that time,Marcus Aurelius.
There is museum of Local History (Краеведческий музей) on Protapova Street.[24]
^Minorsky, V. (2012) [Originally published 1960]. Bearman, P. (ed.)."Anapa".Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English).Brill. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2025.
^Жданович, Николай (September 15, 2010).Знаковый момент [Moment of significance].Рэспубліка (in Russian). Belarus. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. RetrievedMarch 14, 2011.
Управление по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №34.01-707/13-03 от 23 мая 2013 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Organs of the Local Self-Government of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 of May 23, 2013Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).
Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №676-КЗ от 1 апреля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №64–65, 17 апреля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #676-KZ of April 1, 2004On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Resort City of Anapa and on Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009On Amending Several Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Совет муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа. Решение №544 от 16 апреля 2015 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования, за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Анапское Черноморье", №62–66, 30 мая 2015 г. (Council of the Municipal Formation of the Resort Town of Anapa. Decision #544 of April 16, 2015On Adopting the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the Resort Town of Anapa. Effective as of after the official publication, with the exception of clauses which take effect on different dates.).
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