Anápolis (/əˈnæpəlɪs/ə-NAP-əl-iss,Brazilian Portuguese:[ɐˈnapolis]) is a Brazilian city in the state ofGoiás. It is located between two capitals, the federal capitalBrasília and state capitalGoiânia. It is the third most populous city in the state, with 398,869 inhabitants according to theBrazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics in 2022. It is an important industrial and logistics center in theBrazilian Central-West. Its GDP isR$ 10 billion, approximatelyUS$4.4 billion, which makes it the second largest in the state.[2] The city became an industrial power after the implementation of its Industrial District in 1970.[3]
The settlement began in the 18th century, due to the travels of the drovers to the region of gold mines in the nearby towns. Some of the travelers, when they did not find any more precious metals, decided to settle in the thorp. The first historical registry was written in 1819, when the French naturalist and traveler Auguste de Saint-Hillaire, traveling from Bonfim (Silvânia) towards Meia-Ponte (Pirenópolis), stays in the region calledTapirs' Farm. This name is due to the abundance of this animal in the region. The first official document was written on April 25, 1870, when a group of residents made a donation of some parts of their lands to the Our Lady ofSaint Anne Patrimony.[4]
According to a local myth, in 1859, Ana das Dores leftJaraguá towards Bonfim (Silvânia), on a mule train travel. One of the mules, which was carrying the statue ofSaint Anne, got lost. When, the mule was found, it was not willing to move, and das Dores interpreted this as the desire of the Saint to stay there. After she promised to build a chapel in homage to the Saint, the mule started to move again. The erection of the building was done by her son, Gomes de Souza Ramos, eleven years later. In 1872, a document requesting the status of a parish was written. It was carried by Souza Ramos to the provincial president. The pledge was granted and the thorn became a parish on August 6, 1873.[4][5][6]
José da Silva Batista moved to the region on February 28, 1882, from Meia-Ponte (Pirenópolis). Seeking greater autonomy, He and Sousa Ramos requested the incorporation of the town, which was granted on December 15, 1887. However, due to some obstacles mainly by the authorities from Meia-Ponte, which was concerned about the loss of taxes, it became a town 'de facto' on March 10, 1892, when Batista was named the president of the administrative board of the Santana das Antas town. The town became a city on July 31, 1907.[4][6][7]
On January 9, 1924, the city became the first in the state to have electricity. The telegraph followed in 1926 and the railroad reached the city in 1935.[8]
The climate of the city istropical savanna (Aw), according toKöppen climate classification.[9] The winters are dry and cool, mean low temperature is around 14 °C (57 °F), and mean precipitation in July is 4 millimetres (0.16 in).
The hottest months are August and September, reaching a mean high of 29 °C (84 °F). Rainfall is abundant during the summer, averaging 280 millimetres (11 in) in January.
Anápolis is located on the main Brasília-Goiânia highway (BR 060), which has now become a four-lane motorway. It is also the starting point for the famous Belém-Brasília highway (BR 153). Distances to Goiânia is 54 kilometres (34 mi), to Brasília is 140 kilometres (87 mi) and to São Paulo 872 kilometres (542 mi).
The municipality is served by a branch of the Centro-Atlântica railroad, with 685 kilometres (426 mi) of network in Goiás, which allows for connections with the important ports of the country. Anápolis will be the starting point for the north–south railroad, in construction, which will connect with the Port of Itaqui, in Maranhão, as well as with other strategic points in the North and Northeast. The proposedExpresso Pequi rail service between Brasília and Goiânia is planned to serve a station in Anápolis.
Anápolis is one of the most developed municipalities in the state. It also has one of the fastest developing industrial sectors with several pharmaceutical plants. Transportation is good, with highways linking the city with bothGoiânia andBrasília.
There is a large pool of educated professionals produced by the several institutions of higher learning in the city, e.g. the State University of Goiás. The surrounding land is excellent for intensive production of fruit like oranges, bananas, and sugarcane.
All of these factors make Anápolis the most competitive city after the capital.
Gross Domestic Product: 6.265 billion Reais in 2008 as pointed out by IBGE, which was the second largest in the state afterGoiânia and the seventh largest inBrazil. This PIB was 5.7% of the state PIB of 75.274 billion Reais in 2008 as referenced by IBGEIBGE - Cidades@. SeePortalsepin for the complete list of all municipalities inGoiás.
Gross Domestic Product per capita: 18,910 Reais in 2008, which was just above the state average of 12,878 Reais in the same year.[1]
Historically Anápolis has always been the center of a rich agricultural area. Animal raising has always been the main economic mainstay of the region. In 2003 the municipality had 65,000 head of beef cattle, 8,000 pigs, 138,000 poultry (second place in the state), and 9,500 head of dairy cattle. In addition, rice (1 km2 / 160 tons), corn (16 km2 / 7,200 tons), and soybeans (17 km2 / 4,590 tons) are also grown in quantity.
DAIA (Distrito Agro-Industrial de Anapolis) is the industrial sector of Anapolis. It includes many large companies such asLaboratório Teuto Brasil, a pharmaceuticals manufacturing plant, the largestgeneric medicine-producing plant in Brazil. The federal government decided to build a major logistical centre around the DAIA, which is a distribution point for goods throughout Brazil by road, rail and air.
The main entrepreneurial sectors employing workers in 2003 were the transformation industry with 12,980 workers, construction with 1,222 workers, commerce with 18,114 workers, hotels and restaurants with 1,635 workers, transportation with 3,880 workers, services with 2,429 workers, public administration, defense, and social security with 6,724 workers, education with 3,723 workers, and health with 2,247 workers.
In education the city is well served. In addition to the more than 100 primary schools there are eight secondary schools and several public and private colleges. The colleges are: Associação Educativa Evangélica, Faculdade de Filosofia São Miguel Arcanjo, Faculdade do Instituto Brasil-FIBRA, Faculdade Anhanguera de Anápolis, and Faculdade Raízes. It is home to a campus of theGoiás State University (UEG) and the UniEVANGÉLICA, a Protestant university and one of the first institutes of higher education founded in the state of Goiás.
There are 94 health establishments including 25 hospitals with 1,445 beds. The infant mortality rate is 22.15.
Doctors: 811 (IBGE 2002)
Nurses: 66
Dentists: 105
Infant mortality rate: 20.77 in 2000. It was 28.27 in 1991.
