Amri

آمری
A mound of Amri
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Alternative name	Amri, Sindh
Location	Sindh,Pakistan
Type	Ancient settlement
Area	8 hectares
History
Founded	3600 BC
Periods	Pre-Harappan,Indus Valley, Jhukar,Jhangar
Site notes
Condition	Archeological site

Amri is an ancient settlement in modern-daySindh, Pakistan, that goes back to 3600 BCE. The site is located south ofMohenjo Daro onHyderabad-Dadu Road more than 100 kilometres north ofHyderabad, Pakistan.

Amri is atype site forAmri culture which developed in Sindh during 4th millennium BCE.Kot Diji and Amri are close to each other in Sindh, they earlier developed indigenous culture which had common elements, later they came in contact with Harappan culture and fully developed into mature phase ofIndus Valley Civilisation.^[1][2][3][4]

PrehistoricAmri-Nal culture is attributed to the dualtypesites of Amri andNal. This site had multi-level structures, although it was never a big city.^[2]

Situated near the foothills ofKirthar Mountains, this was an important earlier urban center in Lower Sindh. Amri is close toBalochistan where development of earlier farming communities from 6000 BC to 4000 BC ultimately led to urbanization. The ancient mounds of 8 hectares on the west bank ofIndus River have been extensively excavated. The earliest phase was a fortified town that flourished from3600 to3300 BC, and belonged to thePre-Harappan stage of theIndus Valley civilization. Amri is dated afterRehman Dheri. The pottery discovered here had its own characteristics and is known asAmri Ware.Sohr Damb (Nal) is a related site in Balochistan to the west of Amri. Their pottery is sometimes collectively described as 'Amri-Nal ware'. Like other Pre Harappa towns, no writings were found at this site. Evidence indicates widespread fire at the town around 2500 BCE.

• In period II (ca. 2750-2450 BC), more and more elements of Indus Valley culture appear.
• Period III (ca. 2450-1900 BC) belongs almost entirely to Indus Valley culture.
• Period IV (ca. 1900-1300 BC) is marked by the mingling of cultural traditions. Elements of theJhukar culture appear, and co-exist with the last phase of the Indus Valley culture.^[5] Later, the elements ofJhangar culture appear.
• Period V is Muslim and dated much later.

Based on the evidence from this site, Indus culture was probably not developed directly from Amri culture. Also, at least at this location, rather than suddenly being replaced by the Amri culture, there was a co-existence of both cultures.

• Indus Valley Civilization
• List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
  • Bhirrana, 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
  • Harappa
  • Kalibanga, an IVC town and fort with several phases starting from Early harappan phase
  • Kunal, Haryana pre harappan cultural ancestor ofRehman Dheri
  • Mohenjo Daro
  • Rakhigarhi, one of the largest IVC city with 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
• List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
• Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
• Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
  • Bara culture, subtype of Late-Harappan Phase
  • Black and red ware, belonging toNeolithic and Pre-Harappan phases
  • Kunal culture, subtype of Pre-Harappan Phase
  • Sothi-Siswal culture, subtype of Pre-Harappan Phase
  • Cemetery H culture (2000-1400 BC), early Indo-Aryan pottery at IVC sites later evolved intoPainted Grey Ware culture ofVedic period

• Dales, George; Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark; Alcock, Leslie (1 January 1986).Excavations at Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan: The Pottery, With an Account of the Pottery from the 1950 Excavations of Sir Mortimer Wheeler. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. pp. 7–.ISBN 978-0-934718-52-3.
• Ancient History
• J.M. Casal:Fouilles d’Amri, Paris 1964

25°54′35″N67°55′25″E / 25.90972°N 67.92361°E /25.90972; 67.92361

• Hyderabad District, Pakistan
• Archaeological sites in Sindh
• Indus Valley Civilisation sites
• Former populated places in Pakistan
• Pre-Indus Valley civilisation sites
• Amri-Nal culture

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