Amphictis is an extinct genus ofailurid that existed from theLate Oligocene to theMiddle Miocene withfossils found inEurasia andNorth America with a total of nine described species.[1] The interrelationships of the different species as well as their relationship to the other ailurids is not fully understood.[2] UsuallyAmphictis is classified in the basal monotypic subfamilyAmphictinae, but there is no certainty as the genus could potentially be aparaphyletic with the Oligocene speciesA. borbonica being a potential sister taxon to the ancestor of the subfamilyAilurinae (today consisting just thered panda), while a Middle Miocene clade consisting of ananagenesis line fromA. prolongata–to–A. wintershofensis–to–A. cuspida being closer to the ancestry of the now extinctSimocyoninae (withA. wintershofensis being the sister taxon to the clade). This is due to the nature of theirplesiomorphic nature of their anatomy.[2]
The first and type species was originally described asViverra antiqua in 1842,[3] but was assigned to a new genusAmphictis in 1853.[4] A second species,Amphictis ambigua (sometimes spelledA. ambiguus) was described in 1872.[5] Another three species,A. japonica,A. sarsi, andA. wyvillei, were described in 1885,[6] but have since been reassigned or synonymized.[citation needed] Further species described includeA. milloquensis in 1928,[7]A. borbonica in 1929,[8]A. schlosseri andA. wintershofensis both in 1994,[9][10] andA. prolongata in 1996.[11]
Another species,A. aginensis, was described in 1973[12] but was reassigned to the genusStromeriella in 1996.[11] An eighth species,A. cuspida, was described in 2003[13] and a ninth,A. timicua, in 2017.[1]
^abMorlo, Michael; Peigné, Stéphane (2010). "Molecular and morphological evidence for Ailuridae and a review of its genera". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.).Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. pp. 92–140.doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.005.ISBN978-0-521-73586-5.
^de Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay (1842).Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des cinq classes d'animaux vertébrés récents et fossiles: pour servir de base a la zoologie et a la géologie. Paris: J.B. Baillière et fils.
^Pomel, Auguste (1853). "Catalogue des vertébrés fossiles (suite)".Ann Scient Litt Ind Auvergne.26:81–229.
^Gervais, Paul (1872). "Mammifères dont les ossements accompagnent les dépôts de chaux phosphatée des départements du Tarn-et-Garonne et du Lot".Journal de Zoologie (in French).1:261–268.
^McIntosh, William C. (1885). "Report on the Annelida Polychæta collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76".Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76, Zoology.12 (34):i–xxxvi,1–554, Pls. 1–55,1a –39a.
^Helbing, Hermann (1928).Carnivoren des oberen Stampien. Birkhäuser.
^Viret, Jean (1929). "Les faunes de Mammifères de líOligocène supérieur de la Limagne bourbonnaise".Annales de l'Université de Lyon. Nouvelle série, 1 Sciences, médecine (in French).47:1–328.
^Heizmann, Elmar P. J.; Morlo, Michael (1994). "Amphictis schlosseri n. sp. – eine neue Carnivoren-Art (Mammalia) aus dem Unter-Miozän von Südwestdeutschland".Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie).216:1–25.
^Roth (1994) in Heizmann and Morlo (1994) (op. cit.)
^Bonis, L. de (1973). "Contribution à l'étude des mammifères de l'Aquitanien de l'Agenais. Rongeurs — Carnivores — Périssodactyles".Mémoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.28:1–192.
^Nagel, D. (2003). "Carnivora from the middle Miocene hominoid locality of Çandir (Turkey)".Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.240:113–132.
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