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| American Falls | |
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| Location | Niagara Falls, New York, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 43°05′06″N79°04′12″W / 43.085°N 79.070°W /43.085; -79.070 |
| Type | Cataract |
| Total height | 110 ft (34 m)[1] |
| Total width | 950 ft (290 m)[1] |
| Watercourse | Niagara River |
TheAmerican Falls is the second largest of the threewaterfalls that together are known asNiagara Falls on theNiagara River along theCanada–United States border. Unlike the much largerHorseshoe Falls, of which approximately 90% is inOntario, Canada, and 10% in theU.S. state ofNew York,[2] the American Falls is entirely within theUnited States.
The falls receive approximately 11% of the flow from Niagara River, with most of the rest going over Horseshoe Falls, from which it is separated byGoat Island. It has a straight-line crest width of about 830 feet (250 m). If measured along the jagged lip of the falls, the crest is about 950 feet (290 m) long (but seecoastline paradox). The torrent of water passing over the crest of the falls is about 2 feet (0.61 m) deep.
The height of the American Falls ranges between 70 and 110 feet (21–34 m). This measurement is taken from the top of the Falls to top of the rock pile (talus). The height of the Falls from the top of the Falls to the river is 188 feet (57 m).
Visitors can view the falls from a steep angle on the American side, where it is possible to approach to within several meters of the edge of the falls. One can view the falls from the bank of the river, as well as onGoat Island andLuna Island, which are accessible by a pedestrian bridge that crosses therapids of the Niagara River upstream from the falls. The falls are viewable head-on from the Canadian side inNiagara Falls, Ontario.
The ledge of the American Falls is shaped in a modified "W" form, caused by numerous rock falls over the past 150 years which have resulted in the huge mound of rock at its base. The most notable recentrockfall occurred in 1954 with the collapse ofProspect Point to the north.
To survey the rockfall and determine how to prevent the falls from becoming a series ofrapids, theU.S. Army Corps of Engineers blocked the flow of water over the American Falls from June to November 1969. Results conflict as to whether tourist attendance that season was higher or lower than normal. Attendance increases were likely due to the news the cataract was dried off; decreases in tourists could be attributed to people believing both cataracts (the American and Horseshoe Falls) were dewatered. By December 1969, water was flowing over the American Falls again. In the mid‑1970s, it was decided not to make alterations to the rockwall, citing the trend to allow nature to take its course.
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