Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Nasal alveolar click

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromAlveolar nasal click)
Consonantal sound
Nasal alveolar velar click
ŋǃ ŋʗ
ᵑǃ ᵑʗ
ǃ̃ ʗ̃
Audio sample
Nasal alveolar uvular click
ɴǃ ɴʗ
ᶰǃ ᶰʗ
Main articles:Alveolar click andnasal click

Analveolar nasal click is aclick consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa.[1] The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal alveolar click with avelar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǃ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǃ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǃ⟩, ⟨ᵑǃ⟩ or ⟨ǃ̃⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ŋ͡ʗ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʗ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋʗ⟩, ⟨ᵑʗ⟩ or ⟨ʗ̃⟩. For a click with auvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǃ,ɴ͜ǃ,ɴǃ,ᶰǃ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ʗ,ɴ͜ʗ,ɴʗ,ᶰʗ⟩.Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǃŋ⟩ or ⟨ǃᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[2]

Features

[edit]

Features of an alveolar nasal click:

  • Theairstream mechanism islingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by theglottis or thelungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneouspulmonic egressive airstream.
  • Itsplace of articulation isalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal.
  • Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence

[edit]

Alveolar nasal clicks are found primarily in the variousKhoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboringBantu languages such asYeyi.[3] They also appear in the Australian ritual languageDamin.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
ǃKungan[ᵑǃáŋ] =[ᵑʗáŋ]'inside'
Daminn!aa[ᵑǃaː] =[ᵑʗaː]'I/me'
Hadzahenqee[ɦeŋᵑǃeʔe] =[ɦeŋᵑʗeʔe]'dead leopard'
Khoekhoexuruǃomǃnâ[xȕɾúᵑǃˀóm̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀] =[xȕɾúᵑʗˀóm̀ᵑʗã̀ã̀]'to yank at something'
Zuluinqola[iᵑǃɔ́ːla] =[iᵑʗɔ́ːla]'cart'

Glottalized alveolar nasal click

[edit]
Glottalized
alveolar nasal click
ǃ̃ˀ
ᵑǃʔ
ᵑ̊ǃˀ
ʗ̃ʔ
ᵑʗˀ
Main article:Glottalized click

AllKhoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing theglottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Hadzateqqe[teᵑǃˀe] =[teᵑʗˀe]'to carry'
Khoekhoexuruǃomǃnâ[xȕɾúᵑǃˀóm̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀] =[xȕɾúᵑʗˀóm̀ᵑʗã̀ã̀]'to yank at something'
Xhosaukuqhankqalaza[ukʼuᵏǃʰaᵑǃˀalaza] =[ukʼuᵏʗʰaᵑʗˀalaza]'to struggle'

References

[edit]
  1. ^Knight, Rachael-Anne (2012-01-26).Phonetics: A Coursebook. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-139-50419-5.
  2. ^Afrika und Übersee. D. Reimer. 2005. pp. 93–94.
  3. ^Sands, Bonny (2020-09-25).Click Consonants. BRILL.ISBN 978-90-04-42435-7.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰʁ̞ʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasal_alveolar_click&oldid=1318546226"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp