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| Alster | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Aerial view of the Alster's two lakes inHamburg | |
 Map of Alster and canals in Hamburg | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| States | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Henstedt-Ulzburg |
| • coordinates | 53°45′49.1″N10°0′17.4″E / 53.763639°N 10.004833°E /53.763639; 10.004833 |
| • elevation | 31 m (102 ft) |
| Mouth | Elbe |
• location | Hamburg |
• coordinates | 53°32′40″N9°59′0″E / 53.54444°N 9.98333°E /53.54444; 9.98333 |
• elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Length | 56 km (35 mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 5.8 m3/s (200 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Bredenbek,Ammersbek,Saselbek,Osterbek,Wandse |
| • right | Tarpenbek,Isebek |
| Progression | Elbe→North Sea |
TheAlster (German pronunciation:[ˈalstɐ]ⓘ) is a right tributary of theElbe river inNorthern Germany. It has its source nearHenstedt-Ulzburg,Schleswig-Holstein, flows somewhat southwards through much of the Free and Hanseatic City ofHamburg and joins the Elbe in central Hamburg.
The Alster is Hamburg's second most important river. While the Elbe river is a tidal navigation of international significance and prone to flooding, the Alster is a non-tidal, slow-flowing and in some places, seemingly untouched idyll of nature, in other places tamed and landscapedurban space. In the city center, the river forms two lakes, both prominent features in Hamburg'scityscape.
In total, the Alster is 56 km (35 mi) long and has an incline from 31 m to 4 m above sea level. Itsdrainage basin is about 587 km2 (227 sq mi).[1] Left tributaries to the Alster are: Rönne, Alte Alster, Sielbek, Ammersbek, Drosselbek,Bredenbek, Rodenbek, Lohbek,Saselbek,Osterbek, andWandse (Eilbek); right tributaries to the Alster are: Mühlenau (or Mühlenbach), Diekbek, Mellingbek, Susebek,Tarpenbek, andIsebek.
The source of the Alster is a smallbog pool in the Timhagen Brook nearHenstedt-Ulzburg, approximately 25 km (16 mi) north ofHamburg. The small brook makes a couple of curves before entering Hamburg territory atDuvenstedt andWohldorf-Ohlstedt. At that point, the Alster has passed a couple of smaller locks and has been passed by 15 bridges. From here on, Hamburgers use the river for water sports, especially for canoe and kayak trips on the river, or hikes along its shores. AtWellingsbüttel, the Alster runs pastWellingsbüttel Manor. AtOhlsdorf the Alster reaches a weir, approximately at the height of the formerFuhlsbüttel Lock, the last water level regulation before reaching the inner city. From Fuhlsbüttel downstream, the Alster's course, has been straightened on several locations, with old and new river beds occasionally forming parallel canal beds. Between city limits and the inner city's first lake − theAußenalster − the river is crossed by42 bridges.
For Hamburg's inner city, the river is a major geographical feature and greatly defines itscityscape. Through ponding of the river in the 13th century, two artificial lakes, theAußenalster (Outer Alster) and the smallerBinnenalster (Inner Alster) were created in central Hamburg. These two lakes and the surrounding parks serve as importantrecreational areas in the heart of the city. Binnenalster and the subsequent Kleine Alster form importanturban spaces. The Alster's final section between Kleine Alster and its mouth at Binnenhafen, is calledAlsterfleet, as part of a network of inner-city canals, including Bleichenfleet, Herrengrabenfleet, Mönkedammfleet, Neuerwallfleet andNikolaifleet. Alsterfleet is regulated by two locks atRathaus/Rathausmarkt and Baumwall, the latter protecting it from the Elbe tide.
Hamburg was founded at the mouth of the Alster river in the 9th century and used it as a port. The water was used to flood themoats of the fortifications.[1] The Alster has been dammed since 1190, originally to power a watermill. In 1235 a further dam was built for a second mill, which changed the shape of the river to be like a lake.
In the 15th and 16th century, an Alster canal was built to connect Hamburg withLübeck. The canal was about 8 km (5.0 mi) long and built from the Alster to theBeste, a tributary of theTrave river, atSülfeld. Because of the difficulties in holding water, especially near marsh areas, the 91 km (57 mi) long waterway from Hamburg to Lübeck was navigable from 1529 to 1550 only.[2] Hamburg expanded along the shores of the Alster, and several locks were constructed to make the river navigable. Until the 19th century water transport withbarges were used up to the town ofKayhude. The barges—transporting building material, fuel, and foods—were staked or hauled.[1]
The Alster is navigatable some 9 km upstream from the mouth. Alster Touristik GmbH (ATG), asubsidiary of theHamburger Hochbahn, provides public and touristic transport on a fleet ofAlster ferries in the city of Hamburg.[3] Along the entire course within Hamburg, rowing or paddle boats are available for rent.
In general, the Alster is assessed to be clean. Hamburg's Alster and its lakes and canals are famous for itswhite swans, cared for out of public funds since the 16th century.
The Alster basin was an important model for the design of theCharles River basin, constructed in the early 20th century.[4]
Throughout much of Germany, anAlsterwasser (literally: "Alster's water") is the name for a type ofshandy, a concoction of equal parts of beer and lemonade. The river inspired the Hamburg-born composerOscar Fetrás to compose the popularwaltz "Mondnacht auf der Alster"[5] (in English: "Moonlit Night on the Alster"). Hamburg's largest aquatic center, theAlster-Schwimmhalle, is named after the river.
Franklin Koplitzsch and Daniel Tilgner, ed. (2005). "Hamburg-Lexikon".Hamburg Lexikon (in German) (3 ed.). Ellert&Richter.ISBN 3-8319-0179-1.
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