Mouvement autonomiste alsacien | |
.svg) Rot un Wiss, the original flag of Alsace, with origins in the red and whitebanner ofGérard d'Alsace, Duke of Lorraine in the 11th century. | |
| Type | Independence movement Regionalism (politics) |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Greaterautonomy |
Region served | Alsace |
| Methods | Protests Party politics |
| Affiliations | Alsace d'abord Unser Land |
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 Rot un Wiss, traditional flag of Alsace |
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TheAlsace independence movement (French:Mouvement autonomiste alsacien;Alsatian:D'Elsässischa Salbschtstandikaitbewegùng;German:Elsässische autonome Bewegung) is acultural,ideological andpoliticalregionalistmovement for greaterautonomy or outrightindependence ofAlsace.
Purposes generally include opposition to centralist territorial, political and legal pretensions of eitherFrance ("Jacobin policies"), including the new French regionGrand Est since 1 January 2016, andPan-Germanism ofGermany; or both. It instead generally favours regionaldecentralization including political and fiscal autonomy for Alsace, promoting the defense of its culture, history, traditions, andbilingualism of theAlsatian language. Aslogan that has sometimes occurred in protests in the 21st century is "Elsass frei" ("Alsace free").
Several massprotests have taken place in public places around Alsace in opposition to the French region of Grand Est, withratification on 1 January 2016. In addition, several Alsatian organisations and political parties have been formed to promote the cause, notablyAlsace d'abord andUnser Land.
The movement of greater autonomy of Alsace runs partly parallel to that ofAlemannic separatism, originating in theNapoleonic era (c. 1805–1815) and briefly revived both afterWorld War I (1919) and afterWorld War II (1946–1952).
The expansionist doctrines ofFrance since the time of Louis XIV has caused Alsatians to be subject to many shifts inEuropean history.
Over the centuries, many figures and organisations have contributed to the cause of rejected either or both of these pretentions, promoting varying degrees of autonomy or even independence, both in public and in form of political participation.
Various autonomist and separatist movements in Alsace have received support from over the political spectrum, including left, centre and right despite the diverse political ideologies.
The establishment ofNazi Germany and theannexation ofAlsace-Lorraine during theWorld War II, introduced a new situation for many Alsatians, including hardships for many, such as themalgré-nous. However, some advocates of autonomy for Alsace saw the new regime as a chance to re-enacted rights for the culture and autonomy of the Alsatians formerly under French government. While few were actually attracted to theantisemitism orauthoritarianism of the regime, a number of Alsatian autonomists were subsequently accused of collaboration with Nazi officials after the war, some of which were trialed, prisoned or even executed.
After war, also related groupsfr:Nanziger andfr:Loups Noirs remained notable.
However, other Alsatians were staunch opponents of the Nazi occupation such as the artistJean-Jacques Waltz.
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In contemporary Alsace,Unser Land, formed in 2009 after the merger ofUnion du peuple alsacien andFer's Elsass, constitutes the most notable current political party associated with promotion of greater autonomy of Alsace.Alsace d'abord is another smaller organisation.
Despite many protests, the new French region of Grand Est was introduced withratification on 1 January 2016.
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