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α-Methylserotonin

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(Redirected fromAlpha-Methylserotonin)
Chemical compound
Pharmaceutical compound
α-Methylserotonin
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
Drug classNon-selectiveserotonin receptor agonist
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 3-(2-aminopropyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
CAS Number
PubChemCID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H14N2O
Molar mass190.246 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • c2cc(O)cc1c2[nH]cc1CC(N)C
  • InChI=1S/C11H14N2O/c1-7(12)4-8-6-13-11-3-2-9(14)5-10(8)11/h2-3,5-7,13-14H,4,12H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:LYPCGXKCQDYTFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

α-Methylserotonin (αMS), also known asα-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (α-methyl-5-HT) or as5-hydroxy-α-methyltryptamine (5-HO-αMT), is atryptaminederivative closely related to theneurotransmitterserotonin (5-HT).[1] It acts as a non-selectiveserotonin receptor agonist and has been used extensively inscientific research to study the function of the serotonin system.[2][1]

Use and effects

[edit]

According toAlexander Shulgin inTiHKAL, αMS is well-studied inpreclinical research but has not been tested in humans.[1]

Pharmacology

[edit]

Pharmacodynamics

[edit]

αMS is anon-selective and near-full agonist of theserotonin5-HT2 receptors.[3][4] It has similaraffinity for the5-HT2A,5-HT2B, and5-HT2C receptors.[3] The drug is also aligand of the serotonin5-HT1 receptors with high affinity, including of the serotonin5-HT1A,5-HT1B, and5-HT1D receptors (Ki = 40–150 nM), but not of the serotonin5-HT1E receptor (Ki > 10,000 nM).[2] In addition to its actions at theserotonin receptors, αMS has been found to act as anorepinephrine releasing agent similarly toα-methylphenylalanine and to otherα-alkylated tryptamines.[5][6][7]

In contrast toDOI, and in spite of itspotent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism, αMS did not produce thehead-twitch response, a behavioral proxy ofpsychedelic effects, in rats.[8] However, it was only assessed at a dose of up to 1 mg/kg,[8] which is around the maximally effective dose of DOI.[9]

Pharmacokinetics

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Unlike serotonin, αMS is notmetabolized bymonoamine oxidase on account of the α-methylsubstituent blocking theenzyme's access to theamine.[10][11][12] Similarly to serotonin however, αMS poorly crosses theblood–brain barrier due to its freehydroxylgroup and poorlipophilicity, and thus may have weak or nocentral effects when administeredperipherally.[10][13]

Chemistry

[edit]

αMS, also known as α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (α-methyl-5-HT), is asubstituted tryptaminederivative and the α-methylatedanalogue ofserotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT).

Properties

[edit]

The predictedlog P (XLogP3) of αMS is 0.6.[14]

Analogues

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α-Methyltryptophan (αMTP) andα-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan (α-Me-5-HTP) areprodrugs of αMS which cross theblood–brain barrier and thus efficiently deliver αMS into thecentral nervous system.[15][16] As a result, these compounds act asorallybioavailablefalse orsubstitute neurotransmitters for serotonin, and have been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of disorders where serotonin is deficient.[15][16] TheO-methylatedanalogue of αMS,5-MeO-αMT (α,O-dimethylserotonin; α,O-DMS), also readily enters the brain, and could be used for such purposes as well.[10][17]

Society and culture

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Legal status

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United States

[edit]

αMS is not scheduled at the federal level in theUnited States,[18] but it could be considered ananalogue ofα-methyltryptamine (AMT), in which case, purchase, sales, or possession could be prosecuted under theFederal Analog Act.

Florida
[edit]

αMS is a Schedule Icontrolled substance in the state ofFlorida making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess inFlorida.[19]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcAlexander T. Shulgin;Ann Shulgin (1997).TiHKAL: The Continuation (1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: Transform Press.ISBN 978-0-9630096-9-2.OCLC 38503252. Retrieved30 January 2025.There is some interesting biochemistry and pharmacology all around the edges of α-MT. [...] The 5-hydroxy analogue of α-MT is also a well-studied compound, but not to my knowledge in man. It can be called α-methylserotonin (α-M-5-HT or α-MS), and it is an effective inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase which is the immediate precursor to serotonin (5-HT).
  2. ^abIsmaiel AM, Titeler M, Miller KJ, Smith TS, Glennon RA (February 1990). "5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding profiles of the serotonergic agents alpha-methylserotonin and 2-methylserotonin".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.33 (2):755–8.doi:10.1021/jm00164a046.PMID 2299641.
  3. ^abMaroteaux L, Ayme-Dietrich E, Aubertin-Kirch G, Banas S, Quentin E, Lawson R, Monassier L (February 2017)."New therapeutic opportunities for 5-HT2 receptor ligands".Pharmacol Ther.170:14–36.doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.008.PMID 27771435.alpha-methyl-5-HT is a non-selective nearly full agonist at 5-HT2 receptors with similar affinity to 5-HT2A 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors (Jerman, et al., 2001; Knight, et al., 2004; Porter, et al., 1999).
  4. ^Porter RH, Benwell KR, Lamb H, Malcolm CS, Allen NH, Revell DF, Adams DR, Sheardown MJ (September 1999)."Functional characterization of agonists at recombinant human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors in CHO-K1 cells".Br J Pharmacol.128 (1):13–20.doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702751.PMC 1571597.PMID 10498829.
  5. ^Lahti RA, Platz PA, Heinzelman RV (July 1969). "Effects of alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine on norepinephrine in mouse myocardium".Biochem Pharmacol.18 (7):1601–1608.doi:10.1016/0006-2952(69)90147-6.PMID 5306701.
  6. ^Blough BE, Landavazo A, Decker AM, Partilla JS, Baumann MH, Rothman RB (October 2014)."Interaction of psychoactive tryptamines with biogenic amine transporters and serotonin receptor subtypes".Psychopharmacology (Berl).231 (21):4135–4144.doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3557-7.PMC 4194234.PMID 24800892.
  7. ^Blough BE, Landavazo A, Partilla JS, Decker AM, Page KM, Baumann MH, Rothman RB (October 2014)."Alpha-ethyltryptamines as dual dopamine-serotonin releasers".Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.24 (19):4754–4758.doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.062.PMC 4211607.PMID 25193229.
  8. ^abEguibar JR, Cortés MC, Ita ML (September 2009). "Serotonergic-postsynaptic receptors modulate gripping-induced immobility episodes in male taiep rats".Synapse.63 (9):737–744.doi:10.1002/syn.20655.PMID 19484723.
  9. ^Canal CE, Morgan D (2012)."Head-twitch response in rodents induced by the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine: a comprehensive history, a re-evaluation of mechanisms, and its utility as a model".Drug Test Anal.4 (7–8):556–576.doi:10.1002/dta.1333.PMC 3722587.PMID 22517680.
  10. ^abc"Erowid Online Books : "TIHKAL" - #48 a-MT".
  11. ^Young SN, Leyton M, Benkelfat C (1999). "Pet studies of serotonin synthesis in the human brain".Tryptophan, Serotonin, and Melatonin. Adv Exp Med Biol. Vol. 467. pp. 11–18.doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_2.ISBN 978-1-4613-7133-5.PMID 10721033.
  12. ^Diksic M, Nagahiro S, Sourkes TL, Yamamoto YL (January 1990)."A new method to measure brain serotonin synthesis in vivo. I. Theory and basic data for a biological model".Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.10 (1):1–12.doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1990.2.PMID 2298826.
  13. ^Chaouloff F, Laude D, Baudrie V (October 1990). "Effects of the 5-HT1C/5-5-HT2 receptor agonists DOI and alpha-methyl-5-HT on plasma glucose and insulin levels in the rat".Eur J Pharmacol.187 (3):435–443.doi:10.1016/0014-2999(90)90370-l.PMID 2127400.
  14. ^"3-(2-aminopropyl)-1H-indol-5-ol".PubChem. Retrieved7 October 2024.
  15. ^abSourkes TL, Montine TJ, Missala K (1990). "Alpha-methylserotonin, a substitute transmitter for serotonergic neurons".Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry.14 (5):829–32.doi:10.1016/0278-5846(90)90055-l.PMID 1705718.S2CID 25604266.
  16. ^abSourkes TL (1991). "Alpha-methyltryptophan as a therapeutic agent".Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry.15 (6):935–8.doi:10.1016/0278-5846(91)90020-2.PMID 1763198.S2CID 31504647.
  17. ^"Erowid Online Books : "TIHKAL" - #5. a,O-DMS".
  18. ^"§1308.11 Schedule I." Archived fromthe original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved2014-12-17.
  19. ^Florida Statutes - Chapter 893 - DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL

External links

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