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Alniditan

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Alniditan
Clinical data

ATC code	none
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-[(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-ylmethyl]-N'-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diamine
CAS Number	152317-89-0^Y Dihydrochloride: 155428-00-5^Y
PubChemCID	66004
IUPHAR/BPS	120
ChemSpider	59396^Y
UNII	B57Z82EOGE Dihydrochloride: 54PE58MGKB^Y
KEGG	D02826^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL88240^Y
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₇H₂₆N₄O
Molar mass	302.422 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C1CNC(=NC1)NCCCNCC2CCC3=CC=CC=C3O2
InChI InChI=1S/C17H26N4O/c1-2-6-16-14(5-1)7-8-15(22-16)13-18-9-3-10-19-17-20-11-4-12-21-17/h1-2,5-6,15,18H,3-4,7-13H2,(H2,19,20,21)/t15-/m1/s1^Y Key:QVSXOXCYXPQXMF-OAHLLOKOSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Alniditan is a5-HT_1D receptor agonist withmigraine-preventive effects.^[1]

Synthesis

[edit]

The sizeable number of serotonergic drugs for treating migraines all incorporate the indole nucleus found in serotonin itself. It is thus of interest that a compound based on abenzopyran manifests much the same activity.

Alkylation ofphenol with 2-bromobutyrolactone (2) leads to the ether (3). Oxidation of that product withchromium trioxide then leads to the substitutedsuccinic anhydride (4). Treatment of anhydride withpolyphosphoric acid leads totheacylation of the aromatic ring and the formation of thebenzopyranone ring (5). Theketone is then selectively reduced by any of several methods, as, for example, conversion to adithiolane followed byMozingo reduction to6. Thecarboxylic acid is next reduced to the correspondingaldehyde (7) by successive conversion to anacid chloride followed byhydrogenation in the presence ofthiophene. A secondhydrogenation in the presence ofbenzylamine leads to thereductive amination product (8).Michael addition of the amino group in8 toacrylonitrile leads to a1,4-addition and the formation of (9). Reduction of thenitrile affords thediamine (10). Reaction of this last diamine withtetrahydropyrimidine chloride (11), itself formed by treatment oftrimethylene urea withphosphorus oxychloride, leads to the displacement of halogen by the terminal, and thus more accessible, amino group in (10). There is thus formed the serotonergic agent alniditan (12).

References

[edit]

^Leysen JE, Gommeren W, Heylen L, Luyten WH, Van de Weyer I, Vanhoenacker P, et al. (December 1996). "Alniditan, a new 5-hydroxytryptamine1D agonist and migraine-abortive agent: ligand-binding properties of human 5-hydroxytryptamine1D alpha, human 5-hydroxytryptamine1D beta, and calf 5-hydroxytryptamine1D receptors investigated with [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine and [3H]alniditan".Molecular Pharmacology.50 (6):1567–1580.doi:10.1016/S0026-895X(25)09616-6.PMID 8967979.
^Van Lommen G, De Bruyn M, Schroven M, Verschueren W, Janssens W, Verrelst J, Leysen J (1995). "The discovery of a series of new non-indole 5HT1D agonists".Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.5 (22):2649–2654.doi:10.1016/0960-894X(95)00473-7.

Antimigraine preparations (N02C)

Triptans	Almotriptan Avitriptan Donitriptan Eletriptan Frovatriptan Naratriptan Rizatriptan (+meloxicam) Sumatriptan Zolmitriptan
Ditans	Alniditan^§ Lasmiditan

Others

CGRP-R antagonists

Others

Prophylactic

Calcium channel blockers	Dotarizine Lomerizine Verapamil Flunarizine
Progestogens	Flumedroxone acetate
Sympatholytics	Beta blockers Propranolol^# Timolol Clonidine
Tricyclic antidepressants	Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Imipramine
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Topiramate Valproate
Anti-CGRP/CGRP-R mAbs	Eptinezumab Erenumab Fremanezumab Galcanezumab
CGRP-R antagonists	Atogepant Rimegepant

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Serotonin receptor modulators

5-HT₁

5-HT_1A

Agonists:8-OH-DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants (e.g.,etoperidone,hydroxynefazodone,nefazodone,trazodone,triazoledione,vilazodone,vortioxetine) Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,cariprazine,clozapine,lurasidone,quetiapine,ziprasidone) Azapirones (e.g.,buspirone,eptapirone,gepirone,perospirone,tandospirone) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY-14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,lisuride,LSD,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) F-11,461 F-12826 F-13714 F-14679 F-15063 F-15,599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Hypidone Lesopitron LY-293284 LY-301317 mCPP MKC-242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU-24,969 S-14,506 S-14671 S-15535 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) SSR-181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MT,bufotenin,DMT,indorenate,N-Me-5-HT,psilocin,psilocybin) TGBA01AD U-92,016-A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine
Antagonists:Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,iloperidone,risperidone,sertindole) AV965 Beta blockers (e.g.,alprenolol,carteolol,cyanopindolol,iodocyanopindolol,isamoltane,oxprenolol,penbutolol,pindobind,pindolol,propranolol,tertatolol) BMY-7,378 CSP-2503 Dotarizine Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) FCE-24379 Flopropione GR-46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) MPPF NAN-190 Robalzotan S-15535 SB-649,915 SDZ 216-525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH-301 WAY-100135 WAY-100635 Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted:Acetryptine Carvedilol Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine))

5-HT_1B

Agonists:Anpirtoline CGS-12066A CP-93129 CP-94253 CP-122,288 CP-135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) mCPP RU-24,969 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,avitriptan,donitriptan,eletriptan,sumatriptan,zolmitriptan) TFMPP Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,DMT) Vortioxetine
Antagonists:AR-A000002 Beta blockers (e.g.,alprenolol,carteolol,isamoltane,oxprenolol,penbutolol,propranolol,tertatolol) Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) GR-127935 Isamoltane LY-393558 Metitepine (methiothepin) SB-216641 SB-224289 SB-236057 Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,cabergoline,ergometrine (ergonovine),lisuride)

5-HT_1D

Agonists:CP-122,288 CP-135807 CP-286601 Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,LSD,methysergide) GR-46611 L-694247 L-772405 mCPP PNU-109291 PNU-142633 Serotonin (5-HT) TGBA01AD Triptans (e.g.,almotriptan,avitriptan,donitriptan,eletriptan,frovatriptan,naratriptan,rizatriptan,sumatriptan,zolmitriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-Et-DMT,5-MT,5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine,DMT)
Antagonists:Alniditan BRL-15,572 Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) GR-127935 Ketanserin LY-310762 LY-367642 LY-393558 LY-456219 LY-456220 Metitepine (methiothepin) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone
Unknown/unsorted:Acetryptine Ergolines (e.g.,lisuride,lysergol,pergolide)

5-HT_1E

Agonists:BRL-54443 Ergolines (e.g.,methysergide) Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,eletriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,tryptamine)
Antagonists:Metitepine (methiothepin)
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine),lysergol,methylergometrine (methylergonovine)

5-HT_1F

Agonists:BRL-54443 CP-122,288 Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,lysergol,methylergometrine (methylergonovine)methysergide) Lasmiditan LY-334370 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,eletriptan,naratriptan,sumatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-MT)
Antagonists:Metitepine (methiothepin) Mianserin

5-HT₂

5-HT_2A

Agonists: 25H/NB series (e.g.,25I-NBF,25I-NBMD,25I-NBOH,25I-NBOMe,25B-NBOMe,25C-NBOMe,25TFM-NBOMe,2CBCB-NBOMe,25CN-NBOH,2CBFly-NBOMe) 2Cs (e.g.,2C-B,2C-E,2C-I,2C-T-2,2C-T-7,2C-T-21) 2C-B-FLY 2CB-Ind 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET,5-MeO-DiPT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MeO-DPT,5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g.,5-Cl-αMT,5-Fl-αMT,5-MeO-αET,5-MeO-αMT,α-Me-5-HT,αET,αMT) AL-34662 AL-37350A Bromo-DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g.,1P-LSD,ALD-52,bromocriptine,cabergoline,ergine (LSA),ergometrine (ergonovine),ergotamine,lisuride,LA-SS-Az,LSB,LSD,LSD-Pip,LSH,LSP,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),pergolide) Flumexadol IHCH-7113 Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) O-4310 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 PNU-22394 PNU-181731 RH-34 SCHEMBL5334361 Phenethylamines (e.g.,lophophine,mescaline) Piperazines (e.g.,BZP,quipazine,TFMPP) Serotonin (5-HT) TCB-2 TFMFly Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine)
Antagonists:5-I-R91150 5-MeO-NBpBrT AC-90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines (e.g.,cyproheptadine,hydroxyzine,ketotifen,perlapine) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amperozide,aripiprazole,asenapine,blonanserin,brexpiprazole,carpipramine,clocapramine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,gevotroline,iloperidone,lurasidone,melperone,mosapramine,ocaperidone,olanzapine,paliperidone,quetiapine,risperidone,sertindole,zicronapine,ziprasidone,zotepine) Chlorprothixene Cinanserin CSP-2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,LY-53857,LY-215,840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML-010 Landipirdine LY-393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin (VVZ-149) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin Roluperidone S-14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,etoperidone,hydroxynefazodone,lubazodone,mepiprazole,nefazodone,triazoledione,trazodone) SR-46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,aptazapine,esmirtazapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,fluphenazine,haloperidol,loxapine,perphenazine,pimozide,pipamperone,prochlorperazine,setoperone,spiperone,spiramide,thioridazine,thiothixene,trifluoperazine) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,dihydroergotamine,nicergoline)

5-HT_2B

Agonists:4-Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines (e.g.,chlorphentermine,cloforex,dexfenfluramine,fenfluramine,levofenfluramine,norfenfluramine) BW-723C86 DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Ergolines (e.g.,cabergoline,dihydroergocryptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) Piperazines (e.g.,TFMPP) PNU-22394 Ro60-0175 Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,α-Me-5-HT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine)
Antagonists:Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amisulpride,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,cariprazine,clozapine,N-desalkylquetiapine (norquetiapine),N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine),olanzapine,pipamperone,quetiapine,risperidone,ziprasidone) Cyproheptadine EGIS-7625 Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,bromocriptine,lisuride,LY-53857,LY-272015,mesulergine) Ketanserin LY-393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine (methiothepin) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX-08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS-127445 Sarpogrelate SB-200646 SB-204741 SB-206553 SB-215505 SB-221284 SB-228357 SDZ SER-082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin,mirtazapine) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine) TIK-301 Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine))

5-HT_2C

Agonists:2Cs (e.g.,2C-B,2C-E,2C-I,2C-T-2,2C-T-7,2C-T-21) 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET,5-MeO-DiPT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MeO-DPT,5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g.,5-Cl-αMT,5-Fl-αMT,5-MeO-αET,5-MeO-αMT,α-Me-5-HT,αET,αMT) A-372159 AL-38022A Alstonine CP-809101 Dimemebfe DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Ergolines (e.g.,ALD-52,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergine (LSA),ergotamine,lisuride,LA-SS-Az,LSB,LSD,LSD-Pip,LSH,LSP,pergolide) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) MK-212 ORG-12962 ORG-37684 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 Phenethylamines (e.g.,lophophine,mescaline) Piperazines (e.g.,aripiprazole,BZP,mCPP,quipazine,TFMPP) PNU-22394 PNU-181731 Ro60-0175 Ro60-0213 Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine) Vabicaserin WAY-629 WAY-161503 YM-348
Antagonists:Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,asenapine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,iloperidone,melperone,olanzapine,paliperidone,quetiapine,risperidone,sertindole,ziprasidone,zotepine) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,bromocriptine,LY-53857,LY-215,840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR-260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS-102221 S-14671 SB-200646 SB-206553 SB-221284 SB-228357 SB-242084 SB-243213 SDZ SER-082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,aptazapine,esmirtazapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) TIK-301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,loxapine,pimozide,pipamperone,thioridazine) Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted:Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine),methylergometrine (methylergonovine))

5-HT₃_–7

5-HT₃

Agonists:Alcohols (e.g.,butanol,ethanol (alcohol),trichloroethanol) m-CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines (e.g.,BZP,mCPP,quipazine) RS-56812 Serotonin (5-HT) SR-57227 SR-57227A Tryptamines (e.g.,2-Me-5-HT,5-CT,bufotenidine (5-HTQ)) Volatiles/gases (e.g.,halothane,isoflurane,toluene,trichloroethane) YM-31636
Antagonists:Alosetron Anpirtoline Arazasetron AS-8112 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,clozapine,olanzapine,quetiapine) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron (MDL-72222) Bupropion Cilansetron CSP-2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Hydroxybupropion Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin,mirtazapine) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,loxapine) Volatiles/gases (e.g.,nitrous oxide,sevoflurane,xenon) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron
Unknown/unsorted:LY-53857 Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₄

Agonists:5-MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ-033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX-03140 Renzapride RS-67,333 RS-67,506 Serotonin (5-HT) Tegaserod Usmarapride Velusetrag Zacopride
Antagonists:GR-113808 GR-125487 L-Lysine Piboserod RS-39604 RS-67532 SB-203186 SB-204070

5-HT_5A

Agonists:Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),ergotamine,LSD) Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT) Valerenic acid
Antagonists:Asenapine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-699551 Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline,methysergide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₆

Agonists:Ergolines (e.g.,dihydroergocryptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,lisuride,LSD,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide) Hypidone Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,2-Me-5-HT,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,Bufotenin,E-6801,E-6837,EMD-386088,EMDT,LY-586713,N-Me-5-HT,ST-1936,tryptamine) WAY-181187 WAY-208466
Antagonists:ABT-354 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole,asenapine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,iloperidone,olanzapine,tiospirone) AVN-101 AVN-211 AVN-322 AVN-397 BGC20-760 BVT-5182 BVT-74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS-12,233 GW-742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Masupirdine Metitepine (methiothepin) MS-245 PRX-07034 Ritanserin Ro 04-6790 Ro 63-0563 SB-258585 SB-271046 SB-357134 SB-399885 SB-742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,clomipramine,doxepin,nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,loxapine)
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),bromocriptine,lergotrile,pergolide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₇

Agonists:8-OH-DPAT AS-19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines (e.g.,LSD) LP-12 LP-44 LP-211 RU-24,969 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,frovatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT,5-MT,bufotenin,N-Me-5-HT)
Antagonists:Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amisulpride,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,olanzapine,risperidone,sertindole,tiospirone,ziprasidone,zotepine) Butaclamol DR-4485 EGIS-12,233 Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),amesergide,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,LY-53857,LY-215,840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) JNJ-18038683 Ketanserin LY-215,840 Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-258719 SB-258741 SB-269970 SB-656104 SB-656104A SB-691673 SLV-313 SLV-314 Spiperone SSR-181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,clomipramine,imipramine) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,acetophenazine,chlorpromazine,chlorprothixene,fluphenazine,loxapine,pimozide) Vortioxetine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,lisuride,pergolide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators
Adrenergics
Dopaminergics
Melatonergics
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors andreleasing agents
Monoamine metabolism modulators
Monoamine neurotoxins

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