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Allopleuron

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Extinct genus of turtles

Allopleuron Temporal range:Late Cretaceous–Oligocene 94.3–28.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Fossil specimen, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Cheloniidae
Subfamily:	†Allopleuroninae
Genus:	†Allopleuron Baur, 1888
Type species
Chelonia hofmanni Gray, 1831^[2]
Species^[1]
†A. hofmanni(Gray, 1831) †A. insulare(Cope, 1872) †A. lipsienseKarl, 2007 †A. qazaqstanenseKarlet al., 2012

Allopleuron (meaning "other side") is a genus of extinctsea turtle, which measured 2-to-2.5-metre (6 ft 7 in to 8 ft 2 in) long in life. Thetype species isAllopleuron hofmanni. It is a basal member of the cladePancheloniidae,^[3] closely related toProtosphargis. Similar toProtosphargis, it was characterized by shell reduction.^[4]

Fossil history

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Allopleuron lived from theLate Cretaceous (Cenomanian age, 94.3 Ma) to theOligocene (Rupelian age, 28.4 Ma), therefore surviving theCretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. Fossils have been found from Germany, the Netherlands, Kazakhstan and the United States.^[1]^[5]

Life history

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Allopleuron was believed to have used theLaurasian-Holarctic southern continental shelf as a breeding area.^[6] The modern day location of the breeding ground is along the coast of Asia.Allopleuron is believed to have eaten jellyfish, seaweed, or carcasses;^[7]A. hofmanniδ¹³C values indicate a carnivorous diet.^[8] It is believed that adult maleAllopleuron lived off the coast of southeast Netherlands, and northeast Belgium due to the large amount of fossils in these areas. The area is believed to have been a sea grass meadow that was able to sustain the large population. The lack of remains from juvenileAllopleuron indicate that the young of the species lived elsewhere.^[6]

Phylogeny

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Evers et al. (2019):^[3]

†Toxochelys

†Corsochelys

†Nichollsemys

†Allopleuron

Cheloniidae

†Argillochelys

†Procolpochelys

	†Eochelone

	†Puppigerus

	†Ctenochelys

	†Peritresius

	†Cabindachelys

References

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^^a ^bHans-Volker Karl; Elke Gröning; Carsten Brauckmann (2012)."New materials of the giant sea turtleAllopleuron (Testudines: Chelonioidea) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Central Europe and the Palaeogene of Kazakhstan".Studia Palaeocheloniologica IV, Studia Geologica Salmanticensia.9:153–173.
^Gray, J.E. (1831),Synopsis Reptilium, Part I:54 and79
^^a ^bEvers, Serjoscha W.; Barrett, Paul M.; Benson, Roger B. J. (2019-05-01)."Anatomy of Rhinochelys pulchriceps (Protostegidae) and marine adaptation during the early evolution of chelonioids".PeerJ.7 e6811.doi:10.7717/peerj.6811.ISSN 2167-8359.PMC 6500378.PMID 31106054.
^Hirayama, Ren (2005)."SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF PROTOSPHARGIS VERONENSIS CAPELLINI, AN ENIGMATIC SEA TURTLE FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF ITALY".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (25): 70A.
^"Fossilworks: Allopleuron".fossilworks.org. Retrieved17 December 2021.
^^a ^bUniversidad de Salamanca, Ediciones (2013-12-20)."Índice".Studia Historica. Historia Moderna.35: 1.doi:10.14201/11405.ISSN 0213-2079.
^"Marine Turtles".oceansofkansas.com. Retrieved2019-05-05.
^van Baal, Remy R.; Janssen, Renée; van der Lubbe, H.J.L.; Schulp, Anne S.; Jagt, John W.M.; Vonhof, Hubert B. (15 December 2013)."Oxygen and carbon stable isotope records of marine vertebrates from the type Maastrichtian, The Netherlands and northeast Belgium (Late Cretaceous)".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.392:71–78.Bibcode:2013PPP...392...71V.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.020. Retrieved1 December 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

Taxon identifiers
Allopleuron	Wikidata:Q29533125 GBIF:4818752 IRMNG:1007904 Open Tree of Life:3606401 Paleobiology Database:36326
Allopleuron hofmanni	Wikidata:Q1277114 EoL:32544304 GBIF:8697762 Paleobiology Database:255079

Cheloniidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Sea turtles
Family:Cheloniidae

Genera

Species of theCheloniidae family

†Allopleuron

†Allopleuron hofmanni

†Argillochelys

†Argillochelys africana

Caretta

Loggerhead sea turtle

†Carolinochelys

†Carolinochelys wilsoni

Chelonia

Green sea turtle

†Eochelone

†Eochelone brabantica
†Eochelone voltregana

Eretmochelys

Hawksbill sea turtle

†Gigantatypus

†Gigantatypus salahi

†Glarichelys

†Glarichelys knorri

†Itilochelys

†Itilochelys rasstrigin

Lepidochelys

†Mexichelys

†Mexichelys coahuilaensis

†Miocaretta

†Miocaretta lankae

Natator

Flatback sea turtle

†Pacifichelys

†Pacifichelys hutchisoni
†Pacifichelys urbinai

†Syllomus

†Syllomus aegyptiacus
†Syllomus crispatus

†Tasbacka

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

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