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| Russian Television and Radio | |
Native name | Всероссийская государственная телевизионная и радиовещательная компания |
| Formerly | Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (RTR) |
| Company type | Federal State Unitary Enterprise |
| Industry | Mass media |
| Founded | 14 July 1990; 35 years ago (1990-07-14) |
| Headquarters | , Russia |
Key people | Oleg Dobrodeev |
| Services | Television,radio,online |
| Revenue | $518 million[1] (2017) |
| −$363 million[1] (2017) | |
| $45.9 million[1] (2017) | |
| Total assets | $868 million[1] (2017) |
| Total equity | $29 million[1] (2017) |
| Owner | Federal Government of Russia (unitary enterprise) |
| Website | vgtrk www |
TheRussian Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (RTR),[a][2] also known asRussia Television and Radio,[b] is a nationalstate-owned broadcaster that operates many television and radio channels. The company was founded in 1990 and is based in Moscow.[3]
The broadcasting of nationwide TV and radio channels is located in Moscow, via the regional transmitting centers of theRussian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network, forming the terrestrial transmitting network. TV and radio channels from Moscow are delivered to the regions via satellite and terrestrial communication channels. Regional programs are produced in regional production studios. In December 2019, the media holding company of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK) reported that it broadcasts its programs in 54languages spoken in Russia, including from local studios, up from 53 languages in 2010.[4][5] It includes even thecritically endangeredNganasan language of a traditionallysemi-nomadic people numbering less than a thousand.[6]
During theRussian invasion of Ukraine, the broadcaster has been accused of spreadingpropaganda anddisinformation, while also inciting discord and hate.[7][8] Unlike RT, it was mostly produced for internal consumption. In 2015, one of its channels,RTR Planeta, was banned inLithuania.[9]
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On 21 June 1990, the 1stCongress of People's Deputies adopted a resolution on theRSFSR media, assigning the RSFSR Council of Ministers to take measures to establish the Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of the RSFSR. On 14 July 1990, a decree of thePresidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR established the Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. The former deputy editor of the newspaperMoscow News, Oleg Poptsov, was appointed as its first chairman.
On 10 December 1990,Radio Rossii began broadcasting. It started broadcasting on a radio channel with theAll Union First Programme ofAll-Union Radio, as well as with theRadio Mayak channel and with the Third All-Union Radio program. On 13 May 1991, the VGTRK began broadcasting television to Russia (originally scheduled to begin broadcasting in March 1991, but was postponed) and broadcast with the Second Central Television program. On 16 September 1991, the Second Program of USSR Central Television closed, and VGTRK took over the remaining airtime. On 18 April 1992, channel Rossiya 4 began broadcasting.
On 6 July 1992, the fourth channel started broadcasting toRussian Universities, and broadcast with the4th channel Ostankino until 16 January 1994, and from 17 January 1994, with the NTV channel, as a part of RTR television, which had created the "Russian Universities" feed. In February 1996, byPresidential decree ofBoris Yeltsin, Oleg Poptsov stepped down from the post of RTR Chairman. Eduard Sagalaev was appointed president of RTR's "Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation (MIBC)" TV6 Moscow. On 11 November 1996, the "Russian Universities" block stopped broadcasting, and its airtime passed to NTV. The first satellite TV networks, "The RTR TV network", "Meteor Sports", and "Meteor Cinema" were launched. On 1 November 1997, the VGTRK began broadcasting an educational channel called "Culture". It began broadcasting on aVHF channel.
On 8 May 1998, the presidential decree "On Improvement of Public Electronic Media" was drafted based on information regarding RTR. Based on the decree of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Company, the All-Russian radio station "Mayak" and the Russian State Radio CompanyVoice of Russia were created.
In 2000, VGTRK became one of the members ofEuronews and organized the Russian-language service of this organization. In 2002, VGTRK acquired a share in Euronews' stock.
On 3 December 2012, the VGTRK began test broadcasts of the first Russian cinema TV channel, "Kino-TV". On 17 December 2012, the VGTRK began test broadcasts with the high-definition TV channel Rossiya HD. Rossiya HD started regular broadcasting on the 29th of December 2012. On 29 January 2013, at the Annual Exhibition and Forum of Television and Telecommunications (CSTB-2013), RTR announced the merger of eleven digital channels under a single brand, called "Digital TV". It includes documentary, sports, entertainment, and movie channels, of which are "Russian-HD", "My Planet", "Nauka 2.0", "Sport", "Sport-1-HD", " The Fighting Club", "Russian Roman", "Russian Bestseller", "Strana", and "Sarafan". On 9 May 2013, the channel began broadcasting a documentary about Russian history, "History", which had also entered the TV package "Digital TV". On 4 April 2014, the VGTRK began broadcasting a channel dedicated to domestic detective films and TV series under the name "Russian Detective". 15 April 2014 saw the launch of the official international cognitive entertainment channel IQ HD. On 1 June 2014, the launch of the multichannel was announced.
As a reaction to theRussian invasion of Ukraine, the European Union expressed plans for a broad ban on three of the biggest Russian state-run broadcasters in early May 2022. These TV channels are "mouthpieces that amplify Putin's lies and propaganda aggressively," said EU Commission PresidentUrsula von der Leyen. The BBC reported that they are thought to include the widely watched Russian-language VGTRK channels Rossiya and RTR Planeta. Before, the EU had already suspended RT and Sputnik, which broadcast in English, German, and Spanish. On 8 July, the company was sanctioned.[10]
The Russian Ministry of Defense announced in June 2022 that in the region around the occupied southern Ukrainian city of Kherson, the one million inhabitants in the area would henceforth be supplied with the most important Russian channels. Instead of Ukrainian television. In particular, those of the state broadcasting group VGTRK were activated.[11]
In March 2022,YouTube blocked VGTRK's channel along with other Russian state media outlets.[12][13] In February 2024, YouTube blocked several dozen other channels from the corporation, which included the channels of the regional divisions inRostov-on-Don,Pskov,Vologda,Murmansk, and others.[14][15]
VGTRK owns and operates five national television stations, an international television network, twenty thematic digital television channels, five radio stations, over eighty regional broadcasters, and a multimedia online streaming platform.[16]
In 1993, VGTRK became a member of theEuropean Broadcasting Union, entitled to key decisions in EBU operations. The EBU suspended VGTRK's membership on 1 March 2022 after VGTRK announced an intention to withdraw from the EBU due to the EBU excluding VGTRK from theEurovision Song Contest 2022 as a consequence of theRusso-Ukrainian war.[17] The suspension was reaffirmed and made indefinite at a meeting of the EBU's Executive Board on 26 May 2022.[18]
In addition to the operations at its Moscow headquarters, VGTRK's footprint includes 83 regional production studios and 5 territorial branches, providing coverage to every region in Russia.[19]
Regional production studios are located in the capital or administrative center offederal subjects, regardless of if the capital or administrative center is the most populous city in the federal subject.[20] At minimum, each produces regional newscasts during times ofregional variation in the schedule of Russia-1. Many produce supplementary regional newscasts for insertion into Russia-24, as well as regionalnews magazines andcurrent affairs programming for insertion into both Russia-1 and Russia-24. Most also produce regional radio newscasts and cultural programming for insertion into Radio Rossyia and—less commonly—Radio Mayak or Vesti FM or both. Furthermore, some operate their own television channels and radio stations, broadcasting additional regional programming.
Territorial branches produce their own television and radio newscasts, though generally in lesser quantities than regional production studios and for broadcast to a smaller coverage area. Each territorial branch is subordinate to a nearby regional production studio.
The names of the regional production studios and territorial branches all begin withGTRK.[c] They are shown grouped byfederal district in the table below.[21] Each territorial branch is grouped with its associated regional production studio.
Chairmen:
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Media related toVGTRK at Wikimedia Commons
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