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Aliran Kepercayaan

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Indonesian official term for syncretist indigenous and new religious beliefs
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Followers ofaliran kepercayaan in districts of Indonesia (2022)

Aliran Kepercayaan[note 1] (lit.'the branches/flows of beliefs') is an official cover term for groups of followers of variousreligious movements. It also includes various, partlysyncretic forms ofmysticism ofnew religious movements in Indonesia, such askebatinan,kejiwaan andkerohanian.[2] In the Indonesian language, it is also used for new religious movements in other parts of the world. Based on data collected by the Indonesian Conference on Religion and Peace (ICRP), there are about 245 indigenous religions in Indonesia.[3]

Characteristics

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According to Caldarola, kepercayaan "is not an apt characterization of what the mystical groups have in common".[2] TheUS State Department's states:

Sizeable populations inJava,Kalimantan, andPapua practiceanimism and other types of traditional belief systems termed "Aliran Kepercayaan." Many of those who practice Kepercayaan describe it as more of ameditation-based spiritual path than areligion. Some animists combine their beliefs with one of the government-recognized religions.[4]

Recognition

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Indonesia'sConstitutional Court in November 2017 ruled that followers of faiths outside the 6 recognized religions are allowed to state "Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan YME[note 2] in theirnational identity cards, as a 7th category forAliran Kepercayaan after judicial review launched by followers ofMarapu religion, theParmalim,Kaharingan, andSapta Darma [id].[5]

Examples

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Sumatra

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Java

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Lesser Sunda Islands

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Kalimantan

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Sulawesi

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Further information:Ethnic religion in Sulawesi

Maluku Islands

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Papua

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Notes

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  1. ^Full:Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,[1] "Believer of One Supreme God".[citation needed]
  2. ^Full: Yang Maha Esa

References

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  1. ^UNHCR
  2. ^abCaldarola 1982, p. 539, note 30.
  3. ^Aritonang, Margareth S. (7 November 2014)."Government to recognise minority faiths".The Jakarta Post. Retrieved2 October 2014.
  4. ^"International Religious Freedom Report 2005 (Indonesia)"
  5. ^"Indonesia's Constitutional Court Says Yes to Indigenous Faiths".
  6. ^Budiman 2013;Ensiklopedi Kepercayaan 2010;Geertz 1960;Koentjaraningrat 1987, pp. 559–63;Maria & Limbeng 2007;Matthes 1872;Metcalf 1987, pp. 290–92;Nooy-Palm 1979;Nooy-Palm 1986;Nooy-Palm 1987, pp. 565–67;Pelras 1987, pp. 560–61;Popov 2017, pp. 96–104;Rodgers 1981;Rodgers 1987, pp. 81–83;Rousseau 1998;Saringendyanti, Herlina & Zakaria 2018, pp. 1–14;Schärer 1963;Schefold 1980;Schefold 1988, pp. 5–22;Volkman 1985;Weinstock 1983;Winzeler 1993.

Sources

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