Alawite emirate
864–928
Flag
Capital	Amol
Capital-in-exile	Sari andAstarabad
Common languages	Arabic,Mazandarani
Religion	ZaydiShi'aIslam
Government	Theocraticaristocracy
Emir
• 864-884(first)	Hasan ibn Zayd
• 927–928 (last)	Hasan ibn Qasim al-Da'i ila'l-Haqq
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	864
• Disestablished	928
Currency	Dinar (gold coins),Dirham (silver coins),Fals (copper coins)
Preceded by Succeeded by Rashidun Caliphate Samanid Ziyarid dynasty

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History ofIran
Prehistoric period BCE / BC Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000 Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000 Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000 Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium Dalma culture c. 5th millennium
Ancient period Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000 Helmand culture/Jiroft culture c. 3300–2200 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua c. 3100–675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 2550–2020 Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 1500–1155 Avestan period c. 1500–500 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750–521 Saparda 720–670
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Anshanite Kingdom 635 BC–550 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Sogdia c. 6th century BC–11th century AD Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC–428 AD Atropatene c. 323 BC–226 AD Kingdom of Cappadocia 320s BC–17 AD Seleucid Empire 312 BC–63 BC Kingdom of Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 AD–224/5 Paratarajas 125–300 Sasanian Empire 224–651 Zarmihrids 6th century–785 Qarinvandids 550s–11th century
Medieval period CE / AD Rashidun Caliphate 632–661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Rawadid dynasty 955–1070 Hasanwayhids 959–1095 Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186 Annazids 990/1–1117 Kakuyids 1008–1141 Nasrid dynasty 1029–1236 Shabankara 1030–1355 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Nizari Ismaili state 1090–1257 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Salghurids 1148–1282 Hazaraspids 1155–1424 Pishkinid dynasty 1155–1231 Khorshidi dynasty 1184–1597 Qutlugh-Khanids 1223–1306 Eshaqvand Dynasty c. mid-13th century–1592 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid Sultanate 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Mar'ashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kar-Kiya dynasty 1370s–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period Safavid Iran 1501–1736 (Hotak dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid Iran 1736–1796 Zand dynasty 1751–1794
Modern period Qajar Iran 1789–1925 Pahlavi Iran 1925–1979
Contemporary period Iranian Revolution 1979 Interim Government 1979 Islamic Republic 1979–present
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v t e

Alid dynasties of northern Iran orAlavids (Persian:علویان طبرستان). In the 9th–10th centuries, the northernIranian regions ofTabaristan,Daylam andGilan, sandwiched between theCaspian Sea and theAlborz range, came under the rule of a number ofAlid dynasties, espousing theZaydi branch ofShia Islam.

The first and most powerful Zaydi emirate was established inTabaristan in 864 and lasted until 928. It was interrupted bySamanid occupation in 900, but restored in 914 by another Alid branch.

The second period of the Alid emirate was plagued by internal dissensions and power struggles between the two branches, and ended in the second conquest of the region by the Samanids in 928. Subsequently, some of the soldiers and generals of the Alavids joined the Samanids, among themMardavij, founder of theZiyarid dynasty, and the three sons of Buya (Ali, Hassan and Ahmad), founders of theBuyid dynasty.

Local Zaydi rulers survived in Daylam and Gilan until the 16th century.

• Hasan ibn Zayd, adopted theregnal nameal-Da'i ila'l-Haqq (864–884). He was forced to abandon Tabaristan briefly forDaylam in 869 and 874 due to invasions
• Muhammad ibn Zayd, also adopted the regnal nameal-Da'i ila'l-Haqq (884–900). Rule in Tabaristan proper was usurped by Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad ibn Muhammad for a few months as Muhammad was in Gurgan at the time of Hasan's death. Tabaristan was overrun briefly byRafi ibn Harthama in 891–893, and in 900 Muhammad tried to conquer Khurasan, but was defeated and killed by the Samanids. The Samanids captured Tabaristan, and the Alavids fled to Daylam in exile (900-913).
• Hasan ibn Ali al-Utrush, adopted the regnal nameal-Nasir li'l-Haqq (914–917). AHusaynid fromMedina, he converted theGilites and Daylamites to the Zaydi doctrine, recovered Tabaristan.
• Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Qasim, also adopted the regnal nameal-Da'i ila'l-haq (917–919, 919–923, 927–928). A Hasanid, he was the commander of the army under al-Utrush and named by the latter as his heir. His rule was challenged by al-Utrush's sons and their numerous supporters (the "Nasiris"), who seized power twice, briefly in 919 and again in 923. Regained the throne with the help ofMakan ibn Kaki, and ruled until he was killed in battle withAsfar ibn Shiruya.
• Abu 'l-Husayn Ahmad ibn Hasan, surnamedNasir (919, 923). Reigned jointly with his brother in 919, thereafter reconciled himself with Abu Muhammad Hasan al-Da'i until 923, when he reigned briefly until his death.
• Abu 'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Hasan, surnamedNasir (919, 923–925). Reigned jointly with his brother in 919 and from 923 until his death.
• Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Abu 'l-Husayn Ahmad, surnamedNasir (925–927). Son of Ahmad ibn Hasan, he was chosen as emir after Ja'far died. Deposed briefly by Makan ibn Kaki, who installed Isma'il ibn Ja'far as a puppet ruler, regained the throne with the aid of Asfar ibn Shiruya.
• Abu Ja'far Husayn ibn Abu 'l-Husayn Ahmad, surnamedNasir (927). Brother of Abu Ali Muhammad, he was deposed by Makan ibn Kaki, who brought back Abu Muhammad Hasan al-Da'i. Installed once more as imam briefly by Asfar ibn Shiruya underSamanid suzerainty, but later removed to the Samanid court atBukhara. Tried to recover Tabaristan in 931 with the help ofMardavij, but failed.

• History of Iran
• Muslim dynasties of Iran
• List of Shi'a Muslim dynasties

• Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R.N. (ed.).The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249.ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
• Madelung, W. (1985)."ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 881–886.ISBN 0710090994.

• 928 disestablishments
• States and territories established in the 860s
• Alavid dynasty
• Former emirates
• Medieval history of Iran
• 864 establishments
• Arab dynasties
• States and territories disestablished in the 920s

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• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles containing Persian-language text