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Ali-Illahism (Persian:علیاللّهی;Arabic:علي إلهي) is asyncretic religion which has been practiced in parts of theLuristan region in Iran which combines elements ofShia Islam with older religions. It centers on the belief that there have been successiveincarnations ofGod throughout history, and Ali-Illahis reserve particular reverence forAli,[1] the son-in-law of the Islamic prophetMuhammad, who is considered one such incarnation.[2] Variousrites have been attributed as "Ali-Illahi," similarly to theYazidis,Alawites, and all sects whose doctrine is unknown to the surroundingMuslim andChristian populations. Observers have described it as anagglomeration of the traditions and rituals of several older religions, includingZoroastrianism, historically because travelogues were "evident that there is no definite code which can be described as Ali-Illahism."[3]
Sometimes, "Ali-Illahism" is used as an umbrella term for severaldenominations that venerate or deify Ali, including theKaysanites, the Alawites, andYarsanism.[4][5]
A group ofKarapapakhs in Tashkent primarily consists of adherents to the Ali-Illahi faith.[6]
TheDabestan-e Mazaheb "School of Religions", a 17th-century Persian book aboutSouth Asian religions, presents the Ali-Illahis as a sect that respectedMuhammad andAli and discarded theQuran, as it had been compiled underUthman ibn Affan.[7][8] Its members were said to avoid killing animals and to believe that the rules allowing the killing of some animals had been created byAbu Bakr,Umar, Uthman and their followers.[9]
