Algernon Henry BlackwoodCBE (14 March 1869 – 10 December 1951) was an English broadcasting narrator, journalist, novelist and short story writer, and among the most prolificghost story writers in the history of the genre. The literary criticS. T. Joshi stated, "His work is more consistently meritorious than anyweird writer's exceptDunsany's" and that his short story collectionIncredible Adventures (1914) "may be the premier weird collection of this or any other century".[2]
Blackwood was born inShooter's Hill (now part of southeast London, then part of northwestKent). Between 1871 and 1880, he lived at Crayford Manor House,Crayford[3] and he was educated atWellington College. His father, SirStevenson Arthur Blackwood, was a Post Office administrator; his mother, Harriet Dobbs, was the widow of the6th Duke of Manchester.[4] According toPeter Penzoldt, his father, "though not devoid of genuine good-heartedness, had appallingly narrow religious ideas".[5] After Algernon read the work of aHindu sage left behind at his parents' house, he developed an interest inBuddhism and other eastern philosophies.[6]
Blackwood had a varied career, working as a dairy farmer in Canada, where he also operated a hotel for six months, bartender, model, reporter forThe New York Times, private secretary, businessman, and violin teacher.[7] During his time in Canada, he also became one of the founding members of the TorontoTheosophical Society in February 1891.[8] Throughout his adult life, he was an occasional essayist for periodicals. In his late thirties, he moved back to England and started to write stories of the supernatural. He was successful, writing at least ten original collections of short stories and later telling them on radio and television. He also wrote 14 novels, several children's books and a number of plays, most of which were produced, but not published. He was an avid lover of nature and the outdoors, as many of his stories reflect. To satisfy his interest in the supernatural, he joinedThe Ghost Club. He never married; according to his friends he was a loner, but also cheerful company.[9]
Jack Sullivan stated that "Blackwood's life parallels his work more neatly than perhaps that of any other ghost story writer. Like his lonely but fundamentally optimistic protagonists, he was a combination of mystic and outdoorsman; when he wasn't steeping himself inoccultism, includingRosicrucianism, or Buddhism he was likely to be skiing or mountain climbing."[7] Blackwood was a member of one of the factions of theHermetic Order of the Golden Dawn,[10] as was his contemporaryArthur Machen.[11]Cabalistic themes influence his novelThe Human Chord.[12]
His two best-known stories are probably "The Willows" and "The Wendigo". He would often write stories for newspapers at short notice, so that he and his biographers are not sure exactly how many short stories he wrote. Though Blackwood wrote a number ofhorror stories, his most typical work seeks less to frighten than to induce a sense of awe. Good examples are the novelsThe Centaur, which reaches a climax with a traveller's sight of a herd of the mythical creatures; andJulius LeVallon and its sequelThe Bright Messenger, which deal withreincarnation and the possibility of a new, mysticalevolution of human consciousness. In correspondence withPeter Penzoldt, Blackwood wrote,[13]
My fundamental interest, I suppose, is signs and proofs of other powers that lie hidden in us all; the extension, in other words, of human faculty. So many of my stories, therefore, deal with extension of consciousness; speculative and imaginative treatment of possibilities outside our normal range of consciousness.... Also, all that happens in our universe isnatural; under Law; but an extension of our so limited normal consciousness can reveal new, extra-ordinary powers etc., and the word "supernatural" seems the best word for treating these in fiction. I believe it possible for our consciousness to change and grow, and that with this change we may become aware of a new universe. A "change" in consciousness, in its type, I mean, is something more than a mere extension of what we already possess and know.
Blackwood wrote an autobiography of his early years,Episodes Before Thirty (1923), and there is a biography,Starlight Man, byMike Ashley (ISBN0-7867-0928-6).
Blackwood died after experiencing several strokes. Officially his death on 10 December 1951 was fromcerebral thrombosis, witharteriosclerosis as a contributing factor. He was cremated atGolders Green crematorium. A few weeks later his nephew took his ashes toSaanenmöser Pass in the Swiss Alps, and scattered them in the mountains that he had loved for more than forty years.
Wolves of God, and Other Fey Stories (1921); original collection
Tongues of Fire and Other Sketches (1924); original collection
Ancient Sorceries and Other Tales (1927a); selections from previous Blackwood collections
The Dance of Death and Other Tales (1927b); selections from previous Blackwood collections; reprinted as 1963'sThe Dance of Death and Other Stories
Strange Stories (1929); selections from previous Blackwood collections
Short Stories of To-Day & Yesterday (1930); selections from previous Blackwood collections
The Willows and Other Queer Tales (1932); selected by G. F. Maine from previous Blackwood collections
Shocks (1935); original collection
The Tales of Algernon Blackwood (1938); selections from previous Blackwood collections, with a new preface by Blackwood
Selected Tales of Algernon Blackwood (1942); selections from previous Blackwood collections (not to be confused with the 1964 Blackwood collection of the same title)
Selected Short Stories of Algernon Blackwood (1945); selections from previous Blackwood collections
Tales of the Uncanny and Supernatural (1949); selections from previous Blackwood collections
In the Realm of Terror (1957); selections from previous Blackwood collections
The Dance of Death and Other Stories (1963); reprint of 1927'sThe Dance of Death and Other Tales
Selected Tales of Algernon Blackwood (1964); selections from previous Blackwood collections (not to be confused with the 1942 Blackwood collection of the same title)
Tales of the Mysterious and Macabre (1967); selections from previous Blackwood collections
Ancient Sorceries and Other Stories (1968); selections from previous Blackwood collections
Best Ghost Stories of Algernon Blackwood (1973), selected andintroduced byEverett F. Bleiler; selections from previous Blackwood collections; includes Blackwood's own preface to 1938'sThe Tales of Algernon Blackwood
The Best Supernatural Tales of Algernon Blackwood (1973); selected and introduced byFelix Morrow; selections from 1929'sStrange Stories
Tales of Terror and Darkness (1977); omnibus edition ofTales of the Mysterious and Macabre (1967) andTales of the Uncanny and Supernatural (1949).
Tales of the Supernatural (1983); selected and introduced byMike Ashley; selections from previous Blackwood collections
The Magic Mirror (1989); Original collection selected, introduced, and with notes by Mike Ashley;
The Complete John Silence Stories (1997); selected and introduced byS. T. Joshi; reprint of 1908'sJohn Silence (without the preface to the 1942 reprint) and the one remaining John Silence story, "A Victim of Higher Space"
Ancient Sorceries and Other Weird Stories (2002); selected, introduced, and notes by S. T. Joshi; selections from previous Blackwood collections
Algernon Blackwood's Canadian Tales of Terror (2004); selected, introduced, with notes by John Robert Colombo; eight stories of special Canadian interest plus information on the author's years in Canada
Roarings from Further Out: Four Weird Novellas (2020); selected and edited by Xavier Aldana Reyes; part ofBritish Library Publishing's Tales of the Weird series
The Wendigo and Other Stories (2024); edited by Aaron Worth
The Lure of the Unknown: Essays on the Strange (2022); edited and introduced by Mike Ashley. Dublin:Swan River Press. Limited to 400 unnumbered copies. (Two photographic postcards and a facsimile signature of Blackwood laid in).
In the first draft of his guidance notes totranslators of his work, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings",J. R. R. Tolkien stated that he derived the phrase "crack of doom" from an unnamed story by Blackwood.[24] In her book,Tolkien's Modern Reading,Holly Ordway states that this unnamed Blackwood work is his 1909 novelThe Education of Uncle Paul. She explains that the children of Paul's sister, whom he is visiting, tell him of the "crack between Yesterday and To-morrow", and that "if we'revery quick, we can find the crack and slip through... And, once inside there, there's no time, of course...Anything may happen, andeverything come true." Ordway comments that this would have attracted Tolkien because ofhis interest in travelling back in time.[25]
Frank Belknap Long's 1928 story "The Space-Eaters" alludes to Blackwood's fiction.[26]Clark Ashton Smith's story "Genius Loci" (1933) was inspired by Blackwood's story "The Transfer".[27] The plot ofCaitlin R. Kiernan's novelThreshold (2001) is influenced by Blackwood's work.[28] Kiernan has cited Blackwood as an important influence on her writing.[29] Blackwood appears as a character in the novelThe Curse of the Wendigo byRick Yancey.
An early essay on Blackwood's work was "Algernon Blackwood: An Appreciation," by Grace Isabel Colbron (1869–1943), which appeared inThe Bookman in February 1915.[30]
Peter Penzoldt devotes the final chapter ofThe Supernatural in Fiction (1952) to an analysis of Blackwood's work and dedicates the book "with deep admiration and gratitude, to Algernon Blackwood, the greatest of them all". A critical analysis of Blackwood's work appears inJack Sullivan,Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story From Le Fanu to Blackwood, 1978.
David Punter has written two essays on Blackwood.[31][32] There is a critical essay on Blackwood's work inS. T. Joshi'sThe Weird Tale (1990).Edward Wagenknecht analyses Blackwood's work in his bookSeven Masters of Supernatural Fiction.[33]Eugene Thacker, in his "Horror of Philosophy" series of books, discusses Blackwood's stories "The Willows" and "The Man Whom The Trees Loved" as examples of how supernatural horror poses philosophical questions regarding the relation between human beings and the "cosmic indifference" of the world.[34]
Christopher Matthew Scott analyzes Blackwood's use of Christian symbolism and story setting as connected to the author's biography; describing a spiritual progression up from hellish city, through garden, forest, and mountain.[35] Brian R. Hauser discusses Blackwood's John Silence in the context of figures made popular by 1990s cinematic narratives, grouping him withIchabod Crane andFox Mulder, and classifying him as an early example of the supernatural detective whose investigation of a traumatized space mirrors a psychoanalyst's investigation of a traumatized psyche.[36] Henry Bartholomew includes the "dark ecology" of Blackwood's "Pan's Garden" in his discussion of speculative realism and the gothic.[37]
^David Stuart Davies, "Introduction" to William Hope Hodgson,The Casebook of Carnacki the Ghost-Finder. Wordsworth Editions, 2006.ISBN1-84022-529-7 p. 8.
^Stefan Dziemianowicz, "Lawrence, Margery (Harriet)", inS. T. Joshi and Dziemianowicz, (ed.)Supernatural Literature of the World : an encyclopedia. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 2005.ISBN0313327742, pp. 698–700.
^Cosette Kies, "Walton, Evangeline" inSt. James Guide To Fantasy Writers, edited byDavid Pringle. St. James Press, 1996, pp. 586–587.
^"Ramsey Campbell's fiction is considerably more than an engagement with the Lovecraftian; the awe and unease of M. R. James and Algernon Blackwood... need to be taken into account." Andy Sawyer,"That Ill-Rumoured and Evil-Shadowed Seaport" inGary William Crawford ed.,Ramsey Campbell: Critical Essays on the Modern Master of Horror. Scarecrow Press, 2013.ISBN0810892979, p. 2.
^"Graham Joyce is an English writer, who describes his work as "Old Peculiar" akin toArthur Machen and Algernon Blackwood, and other English masters of the weird tale...."Darrell Schweitzer,Speaking of Horror II: More Interviews with Modern Horror Writers. Rockville, Md., Wildside Press, 2015,ISBN1479404748, p. 171.
^"Parodic treatment of horror motifs from various classics – "The Wendigo" and "The Willows" by Algernon Blackwood, "The Yellow Sign" byRobert W. Chambers, etc." "The Space-Eaters" inE. F. Bleiler andRichard Bleiler.Science-Fiction: The Early Years. Kent State University Press, 1990, p. 452.ISBN9780873384162.
^"Genius Loci... is a rare Smith story with a contemporary setting near Smith's own home that drew upon both Algernon Blackwood andMontague Summers for inspiration." Scott Connors, "Smith, Clark Ashton", in S. T. Joshi, ed.Encyclopedia of the Vampire: the living dead in myth, legend, and popular culture.Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press, 2011.ISBN9780313378331, p. 302.
^"Caitlin Kiernan pays tribute to the influence of Algernon Blackwood and H.P. Lovecraft in her second novel,Threshold"..." Neil Barron,What Do I Read Next? Gale Research Inc. 2001, p. 224.ISBN0-7876-3391-7.
^The essay was reprinted:Jason Colavito, ed.A Hideous Bit of Morbidity: An Anthology of Horror Criticism from the Enlightenment to World War I. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008ISBN978-0-7864-3968-3, pp. 303–307.
^David Punter, "Algernon Blackwood",Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's, 1985ISBN0-684-17808-7, pp. 463–470.
^Punter, David (2010). "Pity: Reflections on Algernon Blackwood's Gothic."English Language Notes 1 March 2010; 48 (1): 129–138.
^"Algernon Blackwood" in: Wagenknecht, Edward.Seven Masters of Supernatural Fiction. New York: Greenwood, 1991.ISBN0-313-27960-8, pp. 69–94.
Ashley, Mike (2001).Starlight Man: The Extraordinary Life of Algernon Blackwood. London: Constable & Robinson Ltd.ISBN1-84119-417-4. UK edition ofAlgernon Blackwood: An Extraordinary Life.
Blackwood, Algernon (2002).Episodes Before Thirty. New York: Turtle Point Press.ISBN1-885586-83-3. Modern reissue of subject's memoir; originally published in 1923 (London: Cassell & Co.).
Burleson, Donald. "Algernon Blackwood's 'The Listener: A Hearing'".Studies in Weird Fiction 5 (Spring 1989), pp. 15–19.
Colombo, John Robert. "Blackwood's Books: A Bibliography Devoted to Algernon Blackwood" Toronto Hounslow Press 1981ISBN0-88882-055-0
Colombo, John Robert. (ed) Algernon Blackwood's Canadian Tales of Terror Lake Eugenia, Ontario Battered Silicon Dispatch Box 2004ISBN1-55246-605-1
Goddin, Jeffrey. "Subtle Perceptions: The Fantasy Novels of Algernon Blackwood" inDarrell Schweitzer (ed)Discovering Classic Fantasy Fiction, Gillette NJ: Wildside Press, 1986, pp. 94–103.
Johnson, George M. "Algernon Blackwood". Dictionary of Literary Biography. Late-Victorian and Edwardian British Novelists, First Series. Ed. George M. Johnson. Detroit: Gale, 1995.
Johnson, George M. "Algernon Blackwood". Dictionary of Literary Biography. British Short-Fiction Writers, 1880–1914. Ed. William F. Naufftus. Detroit: Gale, 1995.
Johnson, George M. "Algernon Blackwood". New Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. Brian Harrison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Johnson, George M. "Algernon Blackwood’s Modernist Experiments in Psychical Detection". Formal Investigations: Aesthetic Style in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Detective Fiction. Stuttgart: Ibidem Press, 2007. pp. 29–51.
Johnson, George M. "The Other Side of Edwardian Fiction: Two Forgotten Fantasy Novels of 1911". Wormwood: Literature of the fantastic, supernatural and decadent. UK, No. 16 (Spring 2011) 3–15.
Joshi, S. T. (1990).The Weird Tale. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 87–132,236–38,246–48,266–69.ISBN0-292-79057-0.
Goddin, Jeffrey. "Subtle Perceptions: The Fantasy Novels of Algernon Blackwood" inDarrell Schweitzer, ed.Discovering Classic Fantasy Fiction. Gillette, NJ: Wildside Press, 1996, 94–103.
Gilbert, Stuart. "Algernon Blackwood, Novelist and Mystic".Transition No 35 (July 1935).
Letson, Russell Francis J. "The Approaches to Mystery: The Fantasies of Arthur Machen and Algernon Blackwood."Dissertation Abstracts International, 36 (1976): 8047A (Southern Illinois University).
Sullivan, Jack.Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1978.
