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Alfred-Ingemar Berndt | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alfred-Ingemar Berndt (1905-04-22)22 April 1905 |
| Died | 28 March 1945(1945-03-28) (aged 39) |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| SS service | |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Branch |  Waffen-SS |
| Years of service | 1940–1945 |
| Rank | SS-Obersturmbannführer (reserve force) |
| Unit | SS Division Wiking |
Alfred-Ingemar Berndt (22 April 1905 – 28 March 1945) was a GermanNazi journalist, writer and close collaborator ofReich Minister of Public Enlightenment and PropagandaJoseph Goebbels.
Berndt joined the Nazi Party at the age of 18 and became abrownshirt at 20. A freelance journalist, he was deputy editor of Goebbels’s party newspaper before joining the staff of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry in 1936. Berndt wrote an eyewitness account of the 1940 German invasion of the Low Countries and France filled with distortions and falsehoods, he is also considered the propagandistic creator of theRommel myth attached toGerman field marshalErwin Rommel. A fervent Nazi, Berndt murdered a capturedAllied pilot in cold blood in front of numerous witnesses. In early 1945, he was given command of a battalion of the5th SS Panzer Regiment and was killed in a Soviet air raid on 28 March 1945 atVeszprém,Hungary.[1]
Alfred-Ingemar Berndt was the son of Gustav Berndt and Alma (née Kaeding) Berndt, who were expelled and dispossessed from Posen in 1920, a result of theVersailles Treaty. The family moved to Berlin-Schöneberg, where Berndt in 1922, age 17, joined theNational Socialist German Workers Party. In 1924 he joined theFrontbann, reorganized front organization of theSturmabteilung or SA. After the prohibition of the Nazi Party expired in 1925, he rejoined definitively. He was instrumental in building the organization and structure of theHitler Youth in Berlin.[citation needed]
In December 1928, after an interrupted study of German literature and volunteer work for German newspapers, Berndt got a job atWolffs Telegraphisches Bureau (WTB), the largest news agency in Germany. Berndt was able to disguise his Nazi leanings as serious journalism. He wrote under various pseudonyms as columnist and commentator, and became a writer for two Nazi papers,Der Angriff andDer Völkische Beobachter. In 1931 he became head of the writers’ division of theKampfbund für deutsche Kultur, an organization of Nazi authors, high school teachers, journalists, and cultural personages. A central figure in a growing network of Nazi newsmen at home and abroad, he was jailed and imprisoned from time to time during theWeimar Republic on account of his politics.[2]
When Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Berndt's position in theKampfbund für deutsche Kultur led to his promotion inWolffs Telegraphisches Bureau, which had become the Nazi press office, theDeutsche Nachrichtenbüro (DNB). In December 1933 he became chief editor of the DNB. Berndt was responsible for the coordination of theReichsverbandes der Deutschen Presse (RDP) and was deputy of the Reich Press Chief,Otto Dietrich. After theNight of the Long Knives in 1934, when Hitler's men murdered many opponents, Berndt left the SA and joined theSchutzstaffel (SS).
Joseph Goebbels, with his doctorate in German literature from theUniversity of Heidelberg, recognized a good writer when he read one. In 1935 Goebbels hired Berndt as official head of the Reich Press Office in theReich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. In April 1936, Berndt was appointed head of the press department of the Propaganda Ministry (Division IV). In a November 1936 interview, Berndt toldThe New York Times that German 'Art Reporters' were permitted to 'Employ Values Established' by the Party and State.[3] In February 1938, reacting toHitler's taking complete control of the Wehrmacht, Berndt told the press that no street fighting or troop mutiny had occurred; the frontiers had not been closed, and no army officers had been executed.[4] After the partitioning of the press department in March 1938, Berndt was made head of the newly created home department (Division IV-A). Berndt devised the propaganda used during theannexation of Austria and theSudetenland. He announced to foreign reporters that it was an insult to the German government for a citizen to doubt what he reads in the newspapers.[5]
Pleased with his protégé, Goebbels promoted Berndt, in October 1938, to Ministerial Director. At the instigation ofOtto Dietrich, Berndt was replaced as head of the press department byHans Fritzsche, in December 1938. Berndt then took on, at Goebbels' personal request, the department of literature (Division VIII), which had, among other tasks, responsibility for literary censorship and ideological control of writers and authors.
On 30 August 1939, two days before the start of theSecond World War, Berndt was appointed Head of Broadcasting of the Propaganda Ministry (Division III). In early November 1939 Goebbels learned of Berndt's conflicts with the Reich Post Office and rejected him as a negotiator for the Propaganda Ministry. In February 1940, Berndt reported that he had fulfilled his task of adapting the German broadcasting system to the requirements of war and war propaganda. He was released from all functions in the Propaganda Ministry and enlisted as a volunteer in theWehrmacht. In the French campaign, he was a sergeant in Heavy Tank Destroyer Battalion 605. He was awarded the Iron Cross second class on 27 May 1940. On 6 June 1940, he received the Iron Cross First Class. He wrote about his experiences at the front (Tanks Break Through!, 1940).[6] In August 1940, he returned to the Propaganda Ministry but left administrative work mainly to his previous deputies. Berndt was the first head of the Propaganda Ministry Offices in Paris.[7] In May 1941, he went back to the front; this time as a lieutenant on the staff of the GermanAfrika Korps under then Lieutenant GeneralErwin Rommel. Rommel had been enormously displeased with OberleutnantAlfred Tschimpke, a propaganda reporter who had written a book about the7th Panzer Division that Rommel commanded in France.[8][9]
AuthorDavid Irving described Berndt as "burly, wavy-haired and dark-skinned". He "had the lumbering gait of a bear and a physiological oddity—six toes on one foot. (Goebbels had a rightclub foot.) Berndt was literate and personable, poked his nose in everywhere, and was put in charge of keeping the Rommel diary. Before joining Rommel's staff as a kind of Party 'commissar,' he was already a tough, ambitious Nazi zealot."[10] In the bookHitler's Airwaves, Berndt is described as a "notably unsavory character: Goebbels and his senior officials were frequently astounded by his slyness and cunning, fabrication and lies."Wilfred von Oven, personal press secretary to Joseph Goebbels, called Berndt "an unscrupulous and ambitious, but not untalented young man."[11]
After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Goebbels ordered Berndt back to Berlin and promoted him to Ministerial Director and head of propaganda (Division II). Despite his heavy involvement in the Ministry, Berndt shuttled regularly between Berlin and Rommel's headquarters until Rommel left North Africa. Berndt quickly became Rommel's trusted aide, a propaganda press manager for his boss. Berndt worked hard to promote themyth of Rommel the "Desert Fox," as a role modelpar excellence for many Germans. In addition, Berndt took on the role of Rommel's personal representative in Hitler's headquarters. On 17 July 1943, Hitler personally honoured Berndt for his contributions to the North African campaign with theGerman Cross in Gold.[citation needed]
During his time as head of the Propaganda Department, Berndt dealt with thebattle of Stalingrad, thecapitulation of Tunis, and the discovery of the mass graves of theKatyn massacre. He was also chairman of theInterdepartmental Air War Damages Committee, which was responsible for the coordination of relief and reconstruction after air raids.[citation needed]
On 24 May 1944, just before the Western Allies landed in Normandy, a USAAFB-17 #42-31941 "Big Stoop" from the350th Bombardment Squadron was shot down byLuftwaffe fighters west of Bückwitzer See, Wusterhausen. Eight crew members were taken prisoner, among them the co-pilotsecond lieutenant James Gordon Dennis. Berndt halted his car on Hamburger Chaussee inSegeletz, where Dennis was being held, and, over the protests of two guards accompanying him, shot Dennis dead in the street.[12] Dennis was initially buried at Friedhof Segeletz on 26 May 1944. His remains were later interred at theArdennes American Cemetery and Memorial.[13][14]
After the successful landing of the western Allies, a rift developed between Goebbels and Berndt. Berndt commented, after a visit to Rommel's headquarters on the western front, that he was extremely pessimistic about the military situation. Goebbels accused Berndt of defeatism, pulled him from the propaganda department and suspended him indefinitely from the Ministry.[citation needed]
Berndt responded by volunteering for combat. In September 1944, through the mediation ofHeinrich Himmler, Berndt was given the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain), in theWaffen-SS. According to several eyewitnesses, Berndt, as commander of the second battalion ofSS Panzer Regiment 5 "Viking," was killed at Veszprém, Hungary, during an attack bySoviet dive bombers on 28 March 1945. He was buried in 1945 to the west ofKörmend, Hungary. His name is inscribed in theSzombathely German Military Cemetery, Vas, Hungary.[15] Hisvalise was found in a buried chest nearLake Schwerin inMecklenburg–Western Pomerania in northeastern Germany, and restored by theBundesarchiv. It is now at theBundesarchiv Military Archive [de] inFreiburg.[16]
Berndt married Elisabeth Erna Anna Krzoßa in 1928, with whom he had two daughters: Hildegund and Roswitha.[citation needed]
