Alexander Rzewuski (1893–1983) (also known as Alex-Ceslas Rzewuski) was aCatholicclergyman of Polish-Russian aristocratic background, with aRussian Orthodox background. He was also a writer and illustrator.[1][2][3]
Alexander descended from a long line of Poles who had played a prominent part in the history of their country. At the last partition of Poland in 1795, they passed over to the service of the Russian Empire. Rzewuski's grandfather was in the personal suite of four Tsars, and his father, General Adam Rzewuski, born inUkraine, was military Governor of theCaucasus region at the time of Alexander's birth there in 1893.
Alexander's mother Katarzyna Lubarski-Fluki was a Russian from theSaint Petersburg aristocracy.[4] He was baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church and spent his childhood partly in the Caucasus (with forays intoAzerbaijan andChechnya) and partly in Ukraine, where a series of French and English governesses educated him and his sisters at home.
As an adolescent of 14, he was sent north, far from the mountains of theCaucasus, to school in Saint Petersburg at the Imperial Alexander Lycée. Schooling completed, he passed on to the university there. As an undergraduate, he was profoundly, if imperceptibly, affected by the philosophy lectures. A cast of mind which was to stay with him until his student days as aDominican, was introduced.
Rzewuski served during the war as an officer in command of organising fleets of ambulances for the wounded.[5]
During theOctober Revolution, at a family council it was decided that Alexander and his relatives all should flee to the Italy, where they had members of their wider family. Three weeks later, after criss-crossing through Poland, Czechoslovakia and Austria, they were all ensconced in the Palazzo Caetani in Rome.
However, Alexander was starting his painting career and for this Paris promised greater opportunity than Rome. He moved there and worked as an artist between 1920 and 1926, winning a reputation as a portrait painter and illustrator;[5] he also designed a film set for aBlaise Cendrars production, as well as some costume design.[3]
This whirl of success came to a sudden halt when he was introduced to the Catholic philosopherJacques Maritain. One day in conversation with him Maritain said quite simply: "I think that you should see a priest, and I recommend MsgrVladimir Ghika."
Eventually convinced of the validity of the Catholic position, he was waiting his mother's agreement to his leaving the Church of his birth: an event she dreaded. This time, unlike Trebizond 10 years before, the effect was thorough and definitive.
One night, towards the end of the war, he knocked at the door of ItalianCapuchins inTrebizond demanding to be received into theCatholic Church on the spot.
The Italian friar was startled at the demand so peremptorily put by the Russian Imperial Officer. Strictly speaking it was against the law for aRussian Orthodox subject of theTsar to become a Catholic. To accede to the request could have unhappy repercussions for the small Italian mission. However, Rzewuski must have been persuasive as he left the friary that same night as a member of the Catholic Church.
In 1918, just as theAlexander Kerensky government was about to fall, and be succeeded byVladimir Lenin's coup d'état, Rzewuski undertook a dangerous journey to Saint Petersburg to recoup some of the family's money from the floundering banks. Successful in this, he threaded his way back south toKiev, where his family had sought refuge.
Rzewuski successfully sought membership in religious life as aDominican, and years later, with thenovitiate and course of studies completed, he was ordained in 1932.[6]
His first assignment was to Albertinum[6] atFribourg in Switzerland as spiritual director to the 200 international seminarians, sent here by their bishops from around the world to study under the Dominicans.
Rzewuski was extremely unimpressed with their lack of intellectual passion and their professional ambition to become important in the clerical field of Church politics. He suffered here for 13 years, but he did make some friends, among them the theologianCharles Journet andLiane de Pougy, and frequently sought some refreshment at the Charterhouse of Valsainte. He always considered solitude to be his true calling, and had friends among theCarthusians.
When World War II ended, he returned to France to become novice-master for six years in Saint Maximin,Toulouse,[6] followed by four years on the Ste Baume, a bare mountain overlooking the Mediterranean, and a place of pilgrimage in honour ofMary Magdalene. At last some measure of solitude was his in this place of retirement. The final decades of his life were passed at the vicariate of Prouilhe as well as caring for the contemplative Dominican nuns atProuilhe,[6] and in other parts of the world before his death in 1983.
