Alder Lake

Intel Core i7-12700KF
General information
Launched	November 4, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-11-04)[2]
Discontinued	April 25, 2025; 37 days' time (2025-04-25) (mobile)[1]
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer	Intel
Product code	80715
Performance
Max.CPUclock rate	800 MHz to 5.3 GHz, P-cores 700 MHz to 4.0 GHz, E-cores
DMI speeds	16 GT/s
Cache
L1cache	80 KB (32 instructions + 48 data), per P-core 96 KB (64 instructions + 32 data), per E-core
L2 cache	1.25 MB per P-core 2 MB per E-core cluster
L3 cache	Up to 30 MB, shared
Architecture and classification
Technology node	Intel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
Microarchitecture	Golden Cove (P-cores) Gracemont (E-cores)
Instruction set	x86
Instructions	x86-64
Extensions	AES-NI,CLMUL,RDRAND,SHA,TXT,MMX,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,AVX,AVX2,FMA3,AVX-VNNI,VT-x,VT-d
Physical specifications
Cores	Up to 8 P-cores Up to 8 E-cores
GPU	Intel Xe-based integrated graphics
Sockets	Desktop LGA 1700 Mobile BGA 1774 BGA 1964 (HX series)
Products, models, variants
Product code name	ADL
Brand names	Intel Core Pentium Celeron Intel Processor
Variant	Sapphire Rapids (server/workstation)
History
Predecessors	Tiger Lake,10 nm, mobile Rocket Lake,14 nm, desktop Lakefield,10 nm, hybrid mobile
Successor	Raptor Lake
Support status
Supported

Alder Lake isIntel'scodename for the 12th generation ofIntel Core processors based on ahybrid architecture utilizingGolden Cove performance cores andGracemont efficient cores.^[3][4] It is fabricated using Intel'sIntel 7 process, previously referred to as Intel 10 nm Enhanced SuperFin (10ESF).^[5][6][7] The 10ESF has a 10%-15% boost in performance over the 10SF used in the mobileTiger Lake processors. Intel officially announced 12th Gen Intel Core CPUs on October 27, 2021,^[8] mobile CPUs and non-K series desktop CPUs on January 4, 2022,^[9] Alder Lake-P and -U series on February 23, 2022,^[10] and Alder Lake-HX series on May 10, 2022.^[11]

It was announced in November 2021 that Intel Alder Lake would use a hybrid architecture combining performance and efficiency cores, similar toARM big.LITTLE. This was Intel's second hybrid architecture, after the mobile-onlyLakefield released in June 2020. While the desktop Alder Lake processors were already on the market by January 2022, the mobile processors were not, although release was expected early that year. Starting cost were USD $289 for the Core i5-12600K. Gracemont was the name given to the efficiency cores, whileGolden Cove cores were set for tasks such as gaming and video processing.^[12] First laptop tests were performed later that month, withPCMag positively reviewing the Core i9-12900HK, stating the H series represented "Intel's enthusiast line," with "the same hybrid designs" also in the P-series and U-series chips to come out later that year.^[13]

In April 2022, press reported on "hints" that Intel was working on Alder Lake-X.^[14][15] Intel officially announced the HX processor series on May 10, 2022, including Core i5, Core i7 and Core i9 models,^[11] when Intel announced "seven new mobile processors for the 12th Gen Intel Core mobile family at its Intel Vision event.^[16] With the lineup based on Intel's desktop Alder Lake chips,^[17] it was named the Alder Lake-HX series, or 12th-gen Core HX, with the Core i9-12950HX as the flagship and Intel's first 16-core chip designed for laptops.^[18]

• Golden Cove performance cores ("P-cores")
  • Dedicated floating-point adders^[19]
  • New 6-wide instruction decoder (from 4-wide inRocket Lake/Tiger Lake) with the ability to fetch up to 32 bytes of instructions per cycle (from 16)^[19]
  • 12 execution ports (from 10)
  • 512 reorder-buffer entries (from 352)
  • 6-wide μOP allocations (from 5)
  • TAGE-like directional branch predictor (with a global history size of 194 taken branches)^[20]
  • μOP cache size increased to 4K entries (up from 2.25K)
  • AVX-VNNI, aVEX-coded variant ofAVX512-VNNI for 256-bit vectors
  • AVX-512 (including FP16) is present but disabled by default to match E-cores. On early revisions of microprocessors it still can be enabled on some motherboards with some BIOS versions by disabling the E-cores.^[19][21] Intel has physically fused off AVX-512 on later revisions of Alder Lake CPUs manufactured in early 2022 and onward.^[22][23]
  • ~18%IPC uplift.^[24]
• Gracemont efficient cores ("E-cores")
  • Aggregated into 4-core clusters with a shared 2MBL2 cache
  • 256 reorder-buffer entries (up from 208 inTremont)
  • 17 execution ports (up from 12)
  • AVX2,FMA andAVX-VNNI
  • Skylake-likeIPC.^[24]
• New instruction set extensions:^[25]
  • PTWRITE
  • SERIALIZE
  • HRESET
  • User-mode wait (WAITPKG): TPAUSE, UMONITOR, UMWAIT
• Up to 1 TB/s interconnect between cores^[19]
• Intel Thread Director (only for CPUs with P and E-cores), which is a marketing name for Enhanced Hardware Feedback Interface (EHFI). This is a hardware technology to assist the OS thread scheduler with more efficient load distribution between heterogeneous CPU cores.^[3] Enabling this new capability requires support in the operating system.
• Architectural last branch records (LBRs)
• Hypervisor-managed linear address translation (HLAT)
• Control-flow enforcement technology (CET), including support for indirect branch tracking (IBT) andshadow stack (SS)
• 4–30 MBL3 cache^[19]
• Cores:
  • up to 8 P-cores and 8 E-cores on desktop^[24]
  • up to 6 P-cores and 8 E-cores on mobile (UP3 designs)^[24]
  • up to 2 P-cores and 8 E-cores on ultra mobile (UP4 designs)^[24]
  • only P-cores featurehyper-threading

• Intel Xe-LP (Gen 12.2) GPU
• Up to 96 EU on mobile and 32 EU on desktop^[19]
• Up to 4 displays

• LGA 1700 socket for desktop processors.^[26]
• BGA1744 Type3 and Type4 HDI for mobile processors^[3]
• 20PCIe lanes from CPU
  • 16 PCIe 5.0 lanes^[19]
  • 04 PCIe 4.0 lanes^[19]
• Chipset link -DMI 4.0 ×8 link with Intel 600 series PCH chipsets
• DDR5,DDR4,LPDDR5, andLPDDR4X memory support
  • Up to DDR5-4800
  • Up to DDR4-3200
  • Up to LPDDR5-5200
  • Up to LPDDR4x-4267
  • XMP 3.0^[2]
  • Dynamic Memory Boost^[2]
• IntegratedThunderbolt 4 andWiFi 6E support^[27]
  • Supported via PCH on desktop processors
  • Directly supported by CPU on non-HX mobile processors
  • No support on HX mobile processors, could be added via external controller

This sectionneeds expansion with: ADL-H/HX and ADL-N missing. You can help byadding to it.(October 2024)

For the Alder Lake generation, Intel produced 4 different dies.^[24][28] Each die has a different number of P-cores (P) and E-cores (E) and GPU Execution Units.

Alder Lake requires special support from the operating system due to its relatively unusual-for-x86 hybrid nature. For software unable to be upgraded, aUEFI-provided compatibility mode may be used to disable the E-cores; it is enabled by the user turning onscroll lock.^[30]

The P-cores and E-cores on early versions of Alder Lake CPUs reported differentCPUID models. This has caused issues withdigital rights management systems that perceive the P-cores and E-cores as being separate computers, and falsely enforcelicense restrictions preventing a particular piece of software from being executed on more than one device at a time. Intel published a list of PC games it identified as having this compatibility issue, and stated that it was working with publishers to develop patches. Some of the games were identified by Intel as only having this bug onWindows 10, and functioning correctly onWindows 11 (with some of them dependent on Windows 11 patches scheduled to be released in November 2021).^[30][31] ExamSoft similarly stated that its monitoring software foreducational assessments (such as thebar examination) was similarly incompatible with Alder Lake CPUs due to checks detectingvirtual machines.^[32]

This problem has been fixed in amicrocode update. The P and E cores now return the same CPUID when both are enabled. A different CPUID is reported when E-cores are disabled and only P-cores are enabled. TheAVX-512instruction set extension is implemented in the P-cores but disabled due to incompatibility with the E-cores.^[33]Hackers have shown that it is possible to enable the AVX-512 instructions on the P-cores when the E-cores are disabled and an old microcode version is used.^[34]

There are minor differences between the behavior of the two cores with regard to an undefined overflow flag in certain bitwise operations.^[35]

Alder Lake's CPU topology has performance implications, especially for gaming environments where the developers are not used toNUMA setups. Microsoft added support for Intel Thread Director (ITD) inWindows 11.^[19][36] A wide variety of inputs, including whether a process' window is in the foreground, feeds into the ITD.^[37] The ITD can function to a lesser extent with the OS providing less or no cooperation.^[38] Support in Linux is merged in kernel 5.18^[39] but this alone is not sufficient until the kernel gets hints from userspace in order to schedule tasks to run on certain types of cores.Windows 10 version 21H2 and laterWindows 10 has support for Intel Thread Director, but such support is limited.^[40]

The CPU family no longer featuresIntel SGX which is a requirement for playingUltraHDBlu-Ray discs.^[41]

• All the CPUs support up to 128 GB of DDR4-3200 or DDR5-4800 RAM indual channel mode^[42] and up to 256 GB of DDR5 after a BIOS upgrade.
• All the CPUs support 16xPCI Express Gen 5 and 4x PCI Express Gen 4 lanes, but support may vary depending on motherboard and chipsets.
• Modelswithout the F suffix feature any one of the following integratedUHD Graphics GPUs, all with base frequency of 300 MHz:
  • UHD Graphics 770 with 32 EUs,
  • UHD Graphics 730 with 24 EUs,
  • UHD Graphics 710 with 16 EUs.
• By default, Alder Lake CPUs are configured to run at Turbo Power at all times and Base Power is only guaranteed when P-Cores/E-cores donot exceed the base clock rate.^[19]
• Max Turbo Power: the maximum sustained (> 1 s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (≤ 10 ms). Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.
• CPUs inbold below featureECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset.^[43]
• By default, Core i9-12900KS achieves 5.5 GHz only when using Thermal Velocity Boost.^[44]

• desktop processors repurposed for mobile usage.
• featuresUHD Graphics GPU with 32 EUs (i5-12450HX only has 16 EUs)
• CPUs inbold below featureECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the WM690 mobile workstation chipset.

These CPUs feature 35 W minimum assured, 45 W base and 157 W maximum turbo power consumption.

These CPUs feature 35 W minimum assured, 45 W base and 95 W (Core i5) or 115 W (Core i7/i9) maximum turbo power consumption.

These CPUs feature 20 W minimum assured, 28 W base and 64 W maximum turbo power consumption.

These CPUs feature onlyE-cores and have 6MB ofSmart Cache.

These CPUs feature onlyE-cores and have 6MB ofSmart Cache.

Most of these processors are identical to the corresponding Alder Lake-H and Alder Lake-U processors (without the L suffix) listed above.

These CPUs feature 35 W minimum assured, 45 W base and 65 W maximum assured power consumption.

These CPUs feature 12 W minimum assured, 15 W base and 28 W maximum assured power consumption.

• Intel Core
• Intel Lakefield
• Sapphire Rapids, Intel's 4th generation Xeon server processors based onGolden Cove microarchitecture and Intel 7 process
• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
• LGA 1700 Socket

• Intel x86 microprocessors
• X86 microarchitectures
• Computer-related introductions in 2021
• Intel microarchitectures

• CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)
• CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use mdy dates from September 2022
• Articles to be expanded from October 2024
• All articles to be expanded