Alba County (Romanian pronunciation:[ˈalba]) is a county (județ) ofRomania located in the historic region ofTransylvania. Its capital isAlba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536.[2]
"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. InHungarian, the county is known asFehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and inGerman asKreis Karlsburg.
TheȚara Moților ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik (Cârnic), with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007.Roșia Montană is a famous locality amongmineral collectors for finenative gold specimens.[3][4]
Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part ofGreater Romania, in the southwestern part ofTransylvania, with a territory identical with the oldAlsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west byHunedoara County, to the north byTurda County, and to the east by the counties ofSibiu andTârnava-Mică. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.
According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities.[9]
In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities.[9]
After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties ofCiuc,Odorhei,Sibiu,Târnava Mare, andTârnava Mică to formȚinutul Mureș. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.
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