| Alakazam the Great | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Taiji Yabushita Daisaku Shirakawa |
| Written by | Keinosuke Uekusa |
| Based on | Journey to the West byWu Cheng'en Boku no Son Gokū byOsamu Tezuka |
| Produced by | Hiroshi Okawa |
| Starring | Kiyoshi Komiyama Noriko Shindō Hideo Kinoshita Setsuo Shinoda |
| Cinematography | Harusato Otsuka Komei Ishikawa Kenji Sugiyama |
| Edited by | Shintaro Miyamoto Kanjiro Igusa |
| Music by | Ryoichi Hattori |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Toei Company |
Release date |
|
Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |
Alakazam the Great, known in Japan asSaiyūki (西遊記; lit. "Journey to the West"), is a 1960 Japaneseanimemusical film, heavily based on the 16th-century Chinese novelJourney to the West. It was one of the earliest anime films to be released in the United States.[1]Osamu Tezuka was named as a director of the film byToei Company, but Tezuka later stated that the only time he was in the studio was to pose for publicity photos.[2] His involvement in promoting the film, however, led to his interest in animation.[3]
One day, an unusual monkey is born from a stone. The stone monkey befriends a fellow monkey named Rin-Rin and is later crowned king of a tribe of monkeys after he proves his courage by diving into a dangerous waterfall. He becomes arrogant as king, much to his subjects' dismay and he grows insecure when he learns about the existence of humans from Rin-Rin, who claims they are the smartest beings around. The stone monkey seeks out a wise hermit and forces him to make him his pupil. The hermit teaches the stone monkey considerable magic abilities and rechristens himSon Goku. Goku shows off his new abilities to Rin-Rin, and to further impress her, goes to heaven to retrieve the sacred fruit the hermit fed him.
In heaven, Goku causes mischief, and overpowers the celestial forces sent after him. He defeats General Kinsei and takes hisstaff but loses a shape-shifting duel withJiroshinkun. Goku meetsBuddha, who challenges him to fly off his hand, a challenge Goku arrogantly accepts. Goku fails and is imprisoned by Buddha beneath the Five Elements Mountain. Rin-Rin takes care of Goku during his imprisonment as his arrogance gradually fades. When Rin-Rin nearly succumbs to a blizzard, she is saved byKanon, who heralds the arrival of the monk,Genjo Sanzo, who frees Goku and asks him to accompany him to a pilgrimage to Tianzhu to retrieve a sacred sutra. Goku accepts the mission after Sanzo places an unmovable headband around him that Sanzo can tighten at will.
During their journey, Goku and Sanzo meet a father and daughter. The daughter is pursued by a monster who wants to marry her. Goku disguises himself as the girl and takes her place when the monster, the pig-manCho Hakkai, arrives that night. Goku reveals the deception, forcing Hakkai to flee for his home, with Goku giving chase. Goku is confronted by Hakkai's half-brothers, Ginkaku and Kinkaku, who trap him in a gourd which melts anyone inside it. Goku escapes, and tries to trap the brothers in their gourd, but he is thrown into a pit with a giant scorpion. Goku narrowly defeats the scorpion and traps the two in their gourd. Goku spares Hakkai when he hears Rin-Rin's voice and allows him to accompany him and Sanzo.
Meanwhile, the imp Shoryu informs his master,Gyū-Maō, about Sanzo’s pilgrimage. Gyū-Maō tasks Shoryu to lure Sanzo and company to his dominion of theFlaming Mountains so he can eat the monk and extend his lifespan. Shoryu attacks the group in the desert, scaring away Sanzo's horse and capturing him. Goku saves Sanzo, though Hakkai accidentally loses their food during the chaos. Later, the group comes across the castle of the man-eating ogreSa Gojō. Gojō tries to eat Hakkai and Sanzo, but Goku defeats him and convinces him to join their pilgrimage.
When the group reaches the Flaming Mountains, Shoryu turns Sanzo's companions against each other, but Sanzo manages to calm them down. Gyū-Maō causes a volcanic eruption which blocks the group's path. Goku learns about the Basho-Sen, a magical fan owned by Gyū-Maō’s wife,Ratsunyō, which can freeze the lava flow. He and Hakkai disguise themselves as Gyū-Maō to retrieve the fan, but are caught by Ratsunyō, who captures Hakkai while Goku escapes with the fan. Shoryu tricks Goku into giving him the fan by disguising himself as Sanzo, whom Gyū-Maō had earlier captured. Shoryu freezes Goku and pushes him into the lava. Although Goku survives, he is left paralyzed and unable to use his powers.
Gyū-Maō prepares to cook Hakkai and Sanzo for a large feast with his fellow demons. Gyū-Maō betrays Shoryu and traps him in a jar. Goku and Gojō rescue a repentant Shoryu, who gives Goku a healing potion. They rescue the others in time and fight Gyū-Maō and his group. Hakkai freezes Ratsunyō and Goku defeats Gyū-Maō, causing him to fall into lava, which Hakkai freezes with the fan. The group makes peace with Shoryu and travels to Tianzhu, where they meet with Buddha and Kanon. Buddha removes Goku's headband and gives the pilgrims the sutra. They return to China, where Goku reunites with Rin-Rin and his subjects.
| Journey to the West character (where applicable) | Japanese name | Japanese voice actor | English name | English voice actor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sun Wukong | Son Gokuu | Kiyoshi Komiyama | Alakazam | Peter Fernandez (speaking) Frankie Avalon (singing) |
| Tang Sanzang | Hoshi Sanzō | Nobuaki Sekine | Prince Amat | Larry Robinson |
| Zhu Bajie | Chō Hakkai | Hideo Kinoshita | Sir Quigley Broken Bottom | Jonathan Winters |
| Sha Wujing | Sa Gojō | Setsuo Shinoda | Max Lulipopo | Arnold Stang |
| Buddha | Shakyamuni | Kunihisa Takeda | King Amo | Jack Curtis |
| Guanyin | Kanōn | Katsuko Ozaki | Queen Amas | Joyce Gordon |
| Shōryū | Michiko Shirasaka | Filo Fester | Billie Lou Watt | |
| Lin-Lin | Noriko Shindo | Dee-Dee | Corinne Orr Dodie Stevens (singing) | |
| Bull Demon King | Gyū-Maō | Kinshiro Iwao | King Gruesome | Jack Curtis |
| Princess Iron Fan | Ratsunyō | Tamae Kato | Queen Gruesome | Joyce Gordon |
| Golden Horned King | Chō Ginkaku | Kiyoshi Kawakubo | Herman McSnarles | Bernard Grant |
| Silver Horned King | Chō Kinkaku | Shuichi Kazamatsuri | Vermin McSnarles | George Gonneau |
| Subhuti | Sen'nin | Unknown | Merlin | Unknown |
| Taibai Jinxing | Taihaku Kinsei | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Erlang Shen | Jirōshinkun | Unknown | Hercules | Unknown |
The film was released in the United States byAmerican International on July 26, 1961.
For the American release, a few scenes were heavily edited and rearranged and bandleaderLes Baxter was hired to compose a new soundtrack.[4]
Teen idolFrankie Avalon provided the singing voice of Alakazam (with speaking voice performed byPeter Fernandez), whileDodie Stevens provided the singing voice of DeeDee (with speaking voice performed byCorinne Orr), with English-language narration provided bySterling Holloway. Other famous voices includedJonathan Winters andArnold Stang.
James H. Nicholson of AIP hoped the film would lead to further collaborations between AIP and Toei. He estimated the film would need to earn at least $600,000 in rentals to be profitable.[4]
TheLos Angeles Times called it "warm, amusing and exciting... the art work is really excellent".[5]Variety said "picture should do quite nicely at summer b.o."[6]Filmink called it "a really sweet movie".[7]
It was included as one of the choices inThe Fifty Worst Films of All Time, and is the only animated film featured in the book.[8]
The film was a great success in Japan but a flop in the United States, despite a large marketing budget and heavy promotion. The film also did poorly in other countries where AIP released, and was banned in Denmark and Norway due to its horror elements. AIP cancelled plans to co produce other animated films with Toei (the first of which was to beSinbad) as well as a proposed part-animation-part-live action film,Ali Baba and the Seven Wonders of the World.[9]
According toVariety it and another Japanese cartoon film released by the US,Magic Boy, earned a combined $425,000 in rentals in North America.[10]
The AIP version of the film was first released onVHS in the 1980s byHBO/Cannon Video (under licensed from then-ownerOrion Pictures). This release was reissued by Congress Video Group in 1990 at a slower speed.Orion Home Video re-released the film in bothpan-and-scan andwidescreen letterbox VHS editions and on a widescreenlaserdisc in 1995. AlthoughMGM Home Entertainment has not released the film onDVD, the AIP version has been made available for streaming onNetflix andAmazon Prime Video.
TheMario video game franchise antagonistBowser was inspired by the film.Nintendo designerShigeru Miyamoto received inspiration for the character's appearance from the anime film. He had first envisioned Bowser as anox, basing him on the Ox-King from the film.[11]
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