French physicist (born 1947)
Alain Aspect (French: [aspɛ] ⓘ [ 3] physicist noted for his experimental work onquantum entanglement .[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
Aspect was awarded the 2022Nobel Prize in Physics , jointly withJohn Clauser andAnton Zeilinger , "for experiments withentangled photons , establishing the violation ofBell inequalities and pioneeringquantum information science ".[ 8]
Aspect is a graduate of theÉcole Normale Supérieure de Cachan (ENS Cachan, today part ofParis-Saclay University ).[ 2] agrégation École supérieure d'optique (later known asInstitut d'Optique Graduate School ) ofUniversité d'Orsay (later known asUniversité Paris-Sud ). He then taught for three years inCameroon as a replacement for then compulsory military service.[ 9]
In the early 1980s, while working on hisdoctorat d'État (habilitation thesis),[ 10] Bell test experiments that showed thatAlbert Einstein ,Boris Podolsky andNathan Rosen 's putativereductio ad absurdum ofquantum mechanics , namely that it implied 'ghostly action at a distance ', did in fact appear to be realized when twoparticles were separated by an arbitrarily large distance (seeEPR paradox andAspect's experiment ). A correlation between the particles'wave functions remains, as long as they were once part of the same undisturbed wave function before one of the child particles was measured. He defended hisdoctorat d'État in 1983 at Université Paris-Sud (today part of Paris-Saclay University).[ 11]
Aspect received an honorary doctorate fromHeriot-Watt University in 2008.[ 12]
Aspect's experiments, following the first experiment ofStuart Freedman andJohn Clauser in 1972, were considered to provide further support to the thesis thatBell's inequalities are violated in itsCHSH version, in particular by closing a form of thelocality loophole . However, his results were not completely conclusive since there were loopholes that allowed for alternative explanations that comply withlocal realism .[ 13]
After his work on Bell's inequalities, Aspect turned toward studies oflaser cooling of neutral atoms, andBose–Einstein condensates at theKastler-Brossel Laboratory .[ 14]
Aspect at theÉcole Polytechnique (Polytechnic Institute of Paris ). Aspect was deputy director of the French "grande école "École supérieure d'optique until 1994. He is a member of theFrench Academy of Sciences andFrench Academy of Technologies , and a professor at theÉcole Polytechnique .[ 2]
Alain Aspect at theBudapest University of Technology and Economics , 2013. Alain Aspect atInstitut d'Optique , October 4, 2022. Aspect was elected aForeign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2015.[ 15]
For his fundamental experiments in quantum optics and atomic physics. Alain Aspect was the first to exclude subluminal communication between the measurement stations in experimental demonstrations that quantum mechanics invalidates separable hidden-variable theories and the first to demonstrate experimentally the wave–particle duality of single photons. He co-invented the technique of velocity-selective coherent population trapping, was the first to compare theHanbury Brown-Twiss correlations of fermions and bosons under the same conditions, and the first to demonstrate Anderson localization in an ultra-cold atom system. His experiments illuminate fundamental aspects of the quantum-mechanical behaviour of single photons, photon pairs and atoms.[ 1]
In 2005 he was awarded the gold medal of theCentre national de la recherche scientifique , where he is Research Director. The 2010Wolf Prize in physics was awarded to Aspect,Anton Zeilinger andJohn Clauser . In 2013 Aspect was awarded both theNiels Bohr International Gold Medal and theUNESCO Niels Bohr Medal . In 2011, he was assigned theMedal of the City of Paris . In 2013, he was also awarded theBalzan Prize for Quantum Information Processing and Communication. In 2014, he was named Officer of theLegion of Honour .[ 16]
Asteroid33163 Alainaspect , discovered by astronomers atCaussols in 1998, was named after him.[ 17] naming citation was published by theMinor Planet Center on 8 November 2019 (M.P.C. 118220[ 18]
Aspect was awarded the 2022Nobel Prize in Physics alongsideJohn F. Clauser andAnton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangledphotons , establishing the violation ofBell's inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".[ 8]
Accolades received by Aspect include the following:[ 19] [ 20]
Alain Aspect at theBalzan Prize ceremony (Bern , November 15, 2013). ^a b "Certificate of Election: EC/2015/48: Aspect, Alain" . London: The Royal Society. Archived fromthe original on 8 July 2019.^a b c d "Alain Aspect" .Université Paris-Saclay . 17 February 2020. Retrieved4 October 2022 .^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022" .NobelPrize.org . Retrieved4 October 2022 .^ Aspect, Alain; Grangier, Philippe; Roger, Gérard (12 July 1982)."Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-BohmGedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities" .Physical Review Letters .49 (2). American Physical Society (APS):91– 94.Bibcode :1982PhRvL..49...91A .doi :10.1103/physrevlett.49.91 ISSN 0031-9007 . ^ Aspect, Alain; Dalibard, Jean; Roger, Gérard (20 December 1982)."Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time- Varying Analyzers" .Physical Review Letters .49 (25). American Physical Society (APS):1804– 1807.Bibcode :1982PhRvL..49.1804A .doi :10.1103/physrevlett.49.1804 ISSN 0031-9007 . ^ Aspect, Alain (2007)."Quantum mechanics: To be or not to be local" .Nature .446 (7138):866– 867.Bibcode :2007Natur.446..866A .doi :10.1038/446866a ISSN 0028-0836 .PMID 17443174 .S2CID 4397846 . ^ "Alain Aspect's Curriculum Vitae, Updated March 2012" (PDF) .Academia Europaea . Retrieved4 October 2022 .^a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022" .Nobel Prize The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . 4 October 2022. Retrieved6 October 2022 .^ "Alain Aspect, prix Nobel de physique 2022" .cnrs.fr .^ "CV" . Archived fromthe original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved5 March 2011 .^ "Qui est Alain Aspect, ce chercheur français co-lauréat du prix Nobel de physique ?" .radiofrance.fr . 4 October 2022.^ "Annual Review 2008: Principal's Review" .www1.hw.ac.uk . Archived fromthe original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved29 March 2016 .^ J.-Å. Larsson (2014). "Loopholes in Bell inequality tests of local realism".J. Phys. A .47 (42): 424003.arXiv :1407.0363 Bibcode :2014JPhA...47P4003L .doi :10.1088/1751-8113/47/42/424003 .S2CID 40332044 . ^ "Alain Aspect, prix Nobel de physique 2022" .cnrs.fr .^ "Alain Aspect | Royal Society" .^ "Alain Aspect nommé membre honoraire d'Optica" .cnrs.fr . 4 March 2022.^ "(33163) Alainaspect" .Minor Planet Center . Retrieved20 November 2019 .^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive" .Minor Planet Center . Retrieved20 November 2019 .^ "Alain Aspect" .ae-info.org .^ "Alain Aspect's Curriculum Vitae" (PDF) .^ "Alain Aspect | Optica" .www.optica.org . Retrieved9 May 2024 .Bardou, François; Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe; Aspect, Alain; Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude (2002).Lévy Statistics and Laser Cooling . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-00422-0 Bell, J. S. (3 June 2004).Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-81862-1 Grynberg, Gilbert; Aspect, Alain; Fabre, Claude (2 September 2010).Introduction to Quantum Optics . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-55112-0
1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
1901–1925 1926–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–
International National Academics People Other
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
