| Al-Quds Brigades سرايا القدس | |
|---|---|
 Members of the Al-Quds Brigades parade through the Gaza Strip | |
| Spokesman | Abu Hamza X |
| Dates of operation | 1981 (1981)–present |
| Motives | The establishment of a sovereign,IslamicPalestinian state within the geographic borders of pre-1948Mandatory Palestine |
| Active regions | Gaza Strip,West Bank,Southern Lebanon |
| Ideology | Palestinian nationalism SunniIslamism Jihadism Anti-Zionism |
| Status | Active |
| Size | 12,000 |
| Part of |  Palestinian Joint Operations Room Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
| Allies | State allies: Iran Syria[1](until 2024) Non-state allies:  Al-Qassam Brigades National Resistance Brigades Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades Hezbollah |
| Opponents |  Israel Palestinian Authority |
| Battles and wars | |
| Website | saraya |
Al-Quds Brigades (Arabic:سرايا القدس,Sarāyā al-Quds meaning "Jerusalem Brigades") is aparamilitary organisation and the armed wing of thePalestinianIslamist[2][3] organizationPalestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ),[4] which is the second largest armed group in the Gaza Strip, afterHamas.[5] AQB's leader isZiyad al-Nakhalah, based inDamascus,Syria.[6] The head of AQB in theGaza Strip wasBaha Abu al-Ata[5] until he was killed in November 2019.[7]
AQB's parent organization,PIJ, is devoted to the establishment of an Islamic state, and the settlement of Palestinians in what it considers their rightful homeland within the geographic borders of the pre-1948British-mandated Palestine. It refuses to participate in political processes or negotiations about a swap of Israeli and Palestinian settlements.[3] The PIJ is majorityfunded byIran andSyria.[8][9]
Al-Quds Brigades was founded in 1981 byFathi Shaqaqi andAbd Al Aziz Awda in Gaza,[2] and has been active in theWest Bank and theGaza Strip, especially in the town ofJenin. Awda was designated a "Specially Designated Terrorist" by United States on 23 January 1995, and Shiqaqi was assassinated inMalta on 26 October 1995.
The group undertooknumerous attacks on Israeli civilians, including suicide bombings; and has suffered extensive operations against its infrastructure carried out by theIsrael Defense Forces (IDF), which resulted in severe losses to the group, and it appeared significantly weakened by 2004.[2][3]
On 1 March 2006,Abu al-Walid al-Dahdouh, an AQB commander, was targeted and killed by anIsraeli air strike inGaza City as he drove past the Palestinian finance ministry.[10] On 30 August 2006, the AQB West Bank leader,Hussam Jaradat, was shot and killed by undercover IDF in Jenin on 30 August 2006.[3]
In the Gaza Strip, al-Quds Brigades continued its militant activities,[11] including the indiscriminate firing ofal-Quds rocket attacks out of populated civilian areas.[2][12] Al-Quds Brigades promotes the military destruction of Israel, including the indiscriminate firing of rocket, mortar fire and suicide bombings.[2]
In March 2014, over 100 rockets were launched into southern Israel by PIJ and other Islamist groups. On 14 March,Ramadan Shalah, the then leader of PIJ, announced that the attack was coordinated withHamas.[13]
Baha Abu al-Ata, the head of AQB in the Gaza Strip, was killed in a targeted killing in Gaza City on 12 November 2019, allegedly after having given orders for the launching of rockets into Israel.[14] At the same time, Syrian media reported that another senior PIJ commander,Akram al-Ajouri, survived an airstrike in Damascus, but his son and daughter were killed.[15] The next day, AQB launched more than 220 rockets into southern and central Israel, and on the next day the IDF struck several PIJ targets in the Gaza Strip killing two Palestinians, identified as 38-year-old Khaled Moawad Faraj, AQB's field commander, and 32-year-old Alaa Ashtyawu. Later that day, three more AQB members were killed in anIsraeli Air Force airstrike while attempting to launch rockets into Israel.[16] A ceasefire was agreed for 14 November, by which time AQB had launched over 400 rockets into Israel and a total of 36 Palestinians had been killed, including 25 members of PIJ or other factions in the Strip.[17] This time, Hamas made no effort to stand with or assist PIJ.[18]
Jihad Shaker al-Ghannam (secretary of the al-Quds Brigades' Military Council), Khalil Salah al-Bahtini (commander of its Northern Region), and Tariq Ibrahim Ezzedine (one of the heads of military action) were killed by an Israeli airstrike in May 2023.[19]
The AQB has participated in the ongoingIsrael-Hamas war (2023-present), fighting alongside Hamas'Al-Qassam Brigades and otherallied Palestinian factions.[20][21][22]
