| Abu al-Baqa Hamza al-Qa'im ابو الباقة حمزة القائم بأمر الله | |
|---|---|
| 13thCaliph ofCairo | |
| Reign | 1451–1455 |
| Predecessor | al-Mustakfi II |
| Successor | al-Mustanjid |
| Born | unknown date Cairo,Mamluk Sultanate (nowEgypt) |
| Died | 1458 Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate |
| Burial | Egypt |
| Father | al-Mutawakkil I |
| Mother | Bay Khatun |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Abū al-Baqa Hamza Al-Qa'im (Arabic:ابو الباقة حمزة القائم بأمر الله; died 1458) was the thirteenthAbbasid caliph ofCairo for theMamluk Sultanate between 1451 and 1455. He was deposed by SultanSayf ad-Din Inal after al-Qa'im supported a mutiny ofmamluks against Inal.
He was the son ofAl-Mutawakkil I and he was the successor to the office after the death of his brother, who was not entrusted with succession to anyone after him. He was a strict man, and he established his reign. Al-Zawahiri died in early 857 AH. The Caliph took his son,Othman, as the ruler of the Sultanate. He took the title of Al-Mansour. He was the ruler of the state, Prince Anal, and a month and a half after he took over the Sultanate.
Most of Uthman's Zahirimamluks abandoned their support for Inal by 16 March when theCaliph al-Qa'im and the topqadis ("judges") passed a resolution stripping Uthman of his executive authority.[1] Inal, at age 73, was thereby proclaimed sultan and entered the citadel later that week, capturing Uthman.[2] On 9 April Inal had Uthman imprisoned inAlexandria.
On 15 June 1455 Inal faced a mutiny by roughly 500 of his Circassianmamluks after assembling them to launch an expedition against Bedouin tribesmen invading al-Buhayra Province (theDelta region.)[3][4] Inal had rejected their requests for customary camels as a result of the poor economic conditions of the sultanate. Consequently, themamluks rallied in Cairo's horse market, refusing to participate in the expedition. Being leaderless, the mutineers were organized and directed by the higher rankingmamluks. They attempted to assassinate Yunus al-Aqba'i, Inal's executive secretary, as he departed from the Cairo Citadel, but his bodyguards warded off the attackers, wounding a few of them.[3] The mutineers were then joined by the recently dismissed Zahiris (the faction which Inal originally hailed from) and subsequently besieged the citadel, demanding higher salaries and the handing over of Yunus.[3][5] Afterward, Inal sent disciplinary officers to assuage themamluks concerns, but to no avail. Themamluks proceeded to raid Yunus's house, but were unsuccessful and returned to the horse market. There, Inal sent a herald to offer themamluks amnesty and their wounded compensation, but they refused and severely beat the herald. After themamluks blocked the street to the citadel preventing the royalemirs from leaving. Inal dispatched fouremirs to negotiate with themamluks, but they were taken hostage until their demands were met.[6]
Themutiny convinced Caliph al-Qa'im to abandon his support for Inal and join the uprising. With the caliph providing symbolic legitimacy to themamluks, they took up arms and assaulted the citadel. Finding himself faced with no alternatives, Inal launched an offensive against the mutineers.[6] The Royal Mamluk Guard of the citadel resisted the rebels and eventually dispersed the Zahiris. Inal had al-Qa'im arrested and imprisoned in Alexandria. He was replaced byal-Mustanjid. Allmamluks with the exception of the royal guard were removed from their positions in citadel and some of the mutineers were either imprisoned or exiled.[4] Despite the insurrection, Inal supplied themamluks with the camels they sought and the expedition to al-Buhayra was carried out.[6]
That "Enal" minted the Sultanate in the spring of the first of 857 AH, and took the title of "Ashraf". The Sultan differed with the Al-Qaim. The Sultan seized the Caliph in the month of Jumadi I and imprisoned him inAlexandria. He remained there until he died in 1458 (863 AH) and was buried there. Then the Sultan announcedAl-Mustanjid as caliph.[citation needed]
Othman Inal Sultan.
Al-Qa'im Born: ? Died: 1455 | ||
| Sunni Islam titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Caliph of Cairo 1451–1455 | Succeeded by |