Al-Musayfirah المسيفرة | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Al-Musayfirah | |
  Al-Musayfirah | |
| Coordinates:32°37′56″N36°20′19″E / 32.63222°N 36.33861°E /32.63222; 36.33861 | |
| Grid position | 276/227PAL |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Daraa |
| District | Daraa |
| Subdistrict | Al-Musayfirah |
| Elevation | 550 m (1,800 ft) |
| Population (2004)[1] | |
• Total | 10,466 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Al-Musayfirah (Arabic:المسيفرة, also spelledMseifreh orMusayfra) is a town in southernSyria, administratively part of theDaraa Governorate, located east ofDaraa and 37 kilometers southeast ofDamascus.
Nearby localities includeKahil to the southwest,al-Jiza to the south,al-Sahwah to the southeast,'Ara to the east,Umm Walad to the northeast,al-Karak to the north,al-Ghariyah al-Sharqiyah to the northwest andSaida to the west. Al-Musayfirah has an area of 705 hectares.[2]
It is the administrative center of the al-Musayfirahnahiyah ("subdistrict") which consisted of four localities with a collective population of 32,473 in 2004.[1] According to theSyria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Musayfirah itself had a population of 10,466 in the 2004 census. In recent times its population was estimated to be about 13,600 in 2009.[2] Its largest family is the al-Zu'bi (al-Zoubi) clan.[3]
Al-Musayfirah served as the center of theal-QadiriyyahSufi order during theOttoman andFrench eras. The town is well known for being the site of amajor battle between theFrench Army andDruze rebels during theGreat Syrian Revolt in September 1925. Most of its inhabitants had been forced out or killed by French forces before and during that battle.
The town is largely dependent on money sent from expatriate residents working in thePersian Gulf States. Expatriate funds have largely been responsible for the establishment of several public places in the town, namely the Civil Affairs Center, the Finance Division office, theRed Crescent building, the Real Estate Registration office, the Agricultural Bank, the Health School, the Magistrate's Court, the Insurance Office and the Pharmacy. Agriculture is the major domestic income-producing activity, with olives being the principal crop. Wheat, barley and various vegetables are also cultivated. The climate is generally moderate, with mild winters and hot summers. There are five elementary schools, three primary schools, one technical secondary school and a high school in al-Musayfirah, totaling about 3,800 students in 2010.[3] The town's residents have experienced casualties, arrests and displacement throughout the ongoingSyrian civil war.
Al-Musayfirah was mentioned in pre-IslamicSyriac texts.[4]
The modern town was founded during theOttoman era (1517–1917).[3] In 1596 Musayfira appeared in the Ottomantax registers as being part of thenahiya (subdistrict) ofButayna in theQada Hauran. It had an entirelyMuslim population consisting of 22 households and 18 bachelors. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 40% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and/or beehives; a total of 6,300akçe.[5]
In 1838, during late Ottoman rule, al-Musayfirah was found to be located south ofal-Shaykh Maskin, and was classified as akhirba (abandoned village) by biblical scholarEli Smith.[6][7] Throughout this era and during French rule (1918–46), 16 villages in the region were controlled by the al-Zu'bi clan which also provided many of the religioussheikhs of theSufi order,Qadiriyyah, founded byAbd al-Qadir al-Jilani. WhileKhirbet al-Ghazaleh andDeir al-Bukht served as the clan's chief political seats, al-Musayfirah served as the religious center of the al-Zu'bi.[8] In September 1910 al-Musayfirah served as a destination ofOttoman troops before launching a punitive expedition againstDruze rebels inJabal Hauran, just to the east. The leader of the rebels, Yahya al-Atrash, was arrested by the authorities during the operation.[9]
During theGreat Syrian Revolt against theFrench Mandate, the Muslimsheikh (chieftain) of al-Musayfirah, Muhammad al-Zu'bi, and his horsemen joined the Druze rebels ofSultan Pasha al-Atrash in the Jabal in August 1925.[10] Al-Musayfirah was the site of a major battle between French forces and Druze rebels on 17 September. The battle ended in a French victory and rebel fatalities between 300 and 400.[11] It consequently paved the way for the French capture ofal-Suwayda on 24 September, although they withdrew from the city two months after.[12] Several of al-Musayfirah's inhabitants had been either killed or expelled before and during the battle.[11] A monument was later erected in al-Musayfirah to honor the rebels' efforts during the battle.[3]
On 29 July 2011, during the ongoingSyrian civil war which began in March 2011, an anti-government demonstration in al-Musayfirah was dispersed by security forces who opened fire on protesters, killing a civilian.[13] In early September hundreds to thousands of protesters participated in anti-government demonstrations in the town.[14] On 11 September,Reuters reported that 40 people from al-Musayfirah were forcibly detained by security forces, among dozens of others from nearby towns, namelyal-Jiza andBusra al-Harir.[15] On 27 April 2012, theFinancial Times reporter Michael Peele reported that during the brief ceasefire between government forces and rebels, he witnessed "hundreds-strong rally chanting "God bless the Free Syrian Army" in al-Musayfirah. TheFree Syrian Army is one of the principal armed umbrella-organizations revolting against the government ofBashar al-Assad. At the time, some residents claimed that one-third of the town's population of 15,000 had fled and dozens had been killed since the start of the war.[16]
Capital:Daraa | |||||||||||||||||||||
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