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| الإسراء Al-Isra The Night Journey | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Meccan |
| Time of revelation | 7th Century |
| Position | Juzʼ 15 |
| Hizbno. | 29 to 30 |
| No. ofverses | 111 |
| No. ofRukus | 12 |
| No. ofSajdahs | 1 (verse 107) |
| No. of words | 1558 |
| No. of letters | 6643 |
| Quran |
|---|
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Al-Isra'ʾ (Arabic:الإسراء,lit. 'The Night Journey'),[1] also known asBanī Isrāʾīl (Arabic:بني إسرائيل,lit. 'The Children of Israel'),[2] is the17th chapter (sūrah) of theQuran, with 111 verses (āyāt). The wordIsra' refers to theNight Journey of the Islamic prophetMuhammad and about theChildren of Israel. Thissurāh is part of a seriesal-Musabbihat surahs because it begins with the glorification ofGod.
Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is traditionally believed to be aMeccan surah, from the second Meccan period (615-619).
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This surah takes its name from the first verse which, inIslamic tradition, tells the event of theIsra, the transportation ofMuhammad during the night from theGreat Mosque of Mecca to what is referred to as "the farthest Mosque"." The exact location is specified in the Quran in Arabic wordsأَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ لَيۡلٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ إِلَى ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡأَقۡصَا[4] but this is commonly taken to Noble Sanctuary (Temple Mount) inJerusalem. Some scholars disagree about this (seeIsra and Mi'raj) lively . While the city of Jerusalem (or al Quds) is not mentioned by name anywhere in the Qur'an, the first verse refers to Mohammed being taken from the 'Masjid ul-harram' to the 'Masjid al-Aqsa':
Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We (God) did bless,- so that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things).
Within Islam, it is generally agreed upon that the 'Farthest Mosque' refers toMasjid al-Aqsa (i.e. the Temple Mount) inJerusalem and the 'Sacred Mosque' refers toMasjid al-Haram. The surah also refers to the other prophets, for example,Musa (Moses).
This Meccan surah was revealed in the last year before theHijra. Like all the Meccan surah, it stresses theoneness of Allah, the authority of the prophets. However, the primary theme of the surah issalah (daily prayers), whose number is said to have been fixed at five during the Miraj which it alludes to. In addition, the surah forbids adultery, calls for respect for father and mother, and calls for patience and control in the face of the persecutions the Muslim community was facing at the time.
Verse 17:8 refers tohell and states that those who reject the faith will be punished:
It may be that your Lord may (yet) show Mercy unto you; but if ye revert (to your sins), We shall revert (to Our punishments): And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject (all Faith).
However, it also states that Allah is merciful and could forgive.
It also refers to the hereafter and states that there is a punishment for not believing in it (Verse 7:10):
And to those who believe not in the Hereafter, (it announceth) that We have prepared for them a Penalty Grievous (indeed).
Verses 17:13 to 17:15 tells thatfate is in people's hands and tells that what they do will be rewarded or punished for on theDay of Judgement.
Every man's fate We have fastened on his own neck: On the Day of Judgment We shall bring out for him a scroll, which he will see spread open. (It will be said to him:) "Read thine (own) record: Sufficient is thy soul this day to make out an account against thee." Who receiveth guidance, receiveth it for his own benefit: who goeth astray doth so to his own loss: No bearer of burdens can bear the burden of another: nor would We visit with Our Wrath until We had sent a Messenger (to give warning).
17:26 And give to the kinsman his due, and to the Miskin (poor), and to the wayfarer. But spend not wastefully (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift.[5]: 17:26
The verse relates to the controversies of the land ofFadak in modern-day Saudi Arabia.[6][7]
۞[8] Verse 17:70 tells that mankind has been given a position "above many of those whom we created" angels and jinns.
Verse 17:71 contains a reference toYawm al-Qiyamah, the Day of Judgement:
One day We shall call together all human beings with their (respective) Imams: those who are given their record in their right hand will read it (with pleasure), and they will not be dealt with unjustly in the least.
InKitab al-Kafi, ImamJa'far al-Sadiq was questioned on the interpretation of 17:71 ("On that day, We will call forth every people with their Imam...") to which he responded it is the Imam that is with them and he is theMahdi, al-Qa'im of the people of that time.[9]
Verse 17:104 'And We said thereafter unto theChildren of Israel, “Dwell in the land. And when the promise of theHereafter comes to pass, We shall bring you as a mixed assembly.”'[10]
Al-Tabari (d.923) suggested this referred to Palestinian settlement.Al-Zamakhshari (d. 1144) suggested this referred to Egypt devoid ofPharaoh.Al-Qurtubi (d. 1272) suggested both.[10]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.al-Masjid al Aqsa is also the sacred house which is in Jerusalem
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