| Al-Hamma Incident | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Israel |  Syria | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 7 soldiers killed | None | ||||||
Theal-Hamma Incident (Hebrew:תקרית אל-חמה) refers to an event on 4 April 1951 that resulted in the death of sevenIDF soldiers at the hands of Syrian military forces. The action occurred during an Israeli attempt to enforce its claimed sovereignty over thedemilitarized zone along the Syrian border.
Al-Hamma was in the territory of theBritish Mandate of Palestine, and allocated to the Jewish state under the1947 UN partition plan. During the1948 Arab–Israeli War, the main thrust of the Syrian invasion of the Galilee crossed the border atAl-Hamma.[1] According to the1949 armistice agreement betweenIsrael andSyria, it was determined that a string of villages, including Al-Hamma,Nuqeib,Al-Samra in theTiberias Subdistrict, andKirad al-Baqqara andKirad al-Ghannama further north in theSafad Subdistrict, would be included thedemilitarized zone (DMZ) between Israel and Syria. The inhabitants and their property were formally protected by Article V of the Israeli-Syrian agreement of 20 July that year. However, according toBenny Morris, Israel wanted the 2,200 Arab inhabitants of those villages to move to Syria.[2] The Israeli military thought that the inhabitants of the DMZ remained loyal to Syria and they suspected them of helping Syrian intelligence. Local Jewish settlers and law enforcement suspected the villagers of petty crimes.[3] Morris also noted that Israeli settlers and settlement agencies coveted the land of the local Arabs.[4]
Until 1951, Israel had never patrolled or occupied Al-Hamma. However, in the spring of that year, Israel decided to assert its claimed sovereignty over the village.[5] On 4 April that year,IDFGeneral Staff (ignoring the protest from theNorthern Command) sent two patrol-vehicles to the village.[5][6] The patrol was disguised as policemen, as military forces were prohibited in the DMZ.[7][8] Seven Israeli soldiers were killed by the Syrians.[6]
According to the Syrian complaint to theIsrael–Syria Mixed Armistice Commission, Israel sent a detachment of police to Al-Hamma as part of a preconceived plan to occupy the entire DMZ.[9] After the Israelis opened fire on the local police post and Syrian police outpost, both were obliged to return fire.[9] The Israeli version was that Syrian troops had entered Al-Hamma and disarmed the local police before firing on the Israeli police.[10]
The following day, four Israel planes bombed the police station at Al-Hamma and a Syrian positions atAl Hadid. Two women were killed, and six people reported injured.[6]In addition, Israel decided to demolish the remaining houses in the Arab villages ofKirad al-Ghannama,Kirad al-Baqqara,Al-Samra andNuqeib (in that order) to render the DMZ "clear of Arabs".[6] Syria continued to control Al-Hamma until the 1967Six-Day War. The enclave ofHamat Gader became a continuing source of friction between Israel and Syria.