Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan | |
|---|---|
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| Personal life | |
| Born | After 791 AD |
| Died | 260 AH/873 AD |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Main interest(s) | Hadith,Fiqh,Theology |
| Notable work(s) | Proof of Reversion, Al-Talaq |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Shia |
| Sect | Twelver |
| Jurisprudence | Ja'fari |
| Teachers | al-Ḥasan ibn al-Faddal, Nasr ibn Muzahim,Safwan ibn Yahya, Hammad ibn Isa |
| Muslim leader | |
| Disciple of | Ali al-Rida,Ali al-Hadi,Hasan al-Askari |
Abu Muḥammad al-Faḍl ibn Shadhan ibn Khalil al-Azdi al-Naysaburi (Arabic:أبومحمد الفضل بن شاذان بن خليل الأزدي النيسابوري), better known asal-Faḍl ibn Shadhan (d. 260 AH/873 AD) was a prominentTwelverShia Muslimtheologian (mutakallim),traditionist andjurist in the 9th century, who was highly regarded by the Twelver Shiites as one of the leading Imāmī authorities of his time. He was briefly a disciple of the eighth Shia ImamAli al-Rida (799–818), as well asAli al-Hadi (835–868) andHasan al-Askari (868–874).[1]
Little is known about his life. He was probably born at the end of the 2nd century AH (791-816 AD). He lived and grew up inNishapur, as hisnisbahal-Azdi indicates; he belonged to theArab tribe ofAzd who settled inKhorasan after the Muslim conquest.[1] He was the son of Shadhan ibn Khalil, a well known Imami traditionist/muhaddith.[2] Al-Fadl and his family migrated toBaghdad when he was young, where he began his education, and later relocated to the neighboring city ofKufa, and then finally toWasit. Al-Fadl studied under prominent scholars such as Al-Ḥasan ibn Al-Faddal, Nasr ibn Muzahim, Safwan ibn Yahya and Hammad ibn Isa, and was also recorded to have been a disciple of theTwelver ImamAli al-Ridha. After spending years in Iraq, al-Fadl returned to Nishapur and continued his educational activities, until he was exiled by theTahirid governor for reportedly practicing Shi'ism. However, the sentence did not last for long. During his exile, he stayed in hiding inBayhaq, a town near Nishapur. While in hiding, he became ill, and eventually died in 873 or 874 AD. A mausoleum dedicated to him is located in Nishapur.[3]
ibn Shadhan was also known as a jurist, and Mohagheq Hali has counted him among the first rank Imamiyyah jurisprudents.As a narrator, Ibn Shazan is included in the series of records of many Imamiyyah hadiths, and Najashi has confirmed his endorsement.[4]The most prominent scientific aspect of Ibn Shazan's personality is his speech, asNasir al-Din al-Tusi mentioned him as a great orator. Based on the little information that is available, the basis of Ibn Shazan's theological teachings, after the two martyrdoms, is the acknowledgment of God's authority and the acknowledgment of "I am with God". The generalities of his belief about Imamate are in complete agreement with theTwelve Imams beliefs.[5]
His works are considered to be more than 180 titles, some of which are in theology and jurisprudence, were listed by Najashi in the book of Regal and Tusi in the book, including:
1. The proof of reversion, a selection of which has been published by Bassem Mousavi in Trathana magazine;
2. Al-Talaq, which was mentioned byNajashi andShaykh Tusi, andKulayni quoted parts of it that are apparently taken from his book;
3. The causes are in the causes related to worship that Najashi and Tusi mentioned.
4, 5 and 6. Al-Kabeer Al-Kabir, Al-Awsat Al-Fareez and Al-Sagher Al-Fareez;
7. Al-Badlan issues, which Najashi has mentioned and Tusi has quoted parts of it in some of his works.
8. Day and night, which is said to have reached the opinion of Imam Hasan Askari (a.s.) and was approved by him.[6]
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